Nt1310 Unit 9 Study Guide

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9. What is the major function of muscle?
- To provide movement for the body and its parts.

10. Compare skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscles as to their microscopic anatomy, location and arrangement in body organs, and function in the body.
- Skeletal muscle is attached to bones or to skin; cardiac muscle is located in the walls of the heart; smooth muscle is found in the walls of hollow visceral organs.
- Skeletal muscle consists of very long, cylindrical, multi-nucleated cells with striations; cardiac muscle consists of branching chains of cells that are uninucleate and also have striations; smooth muscle consists of single fusiform uninucleate cells with striations.

11. What two types of muscle tissue are striated?
- Cardiac and Skeletal …show more content…
13. What is the function of tendons?
Tendons attach muscle to bone.

15. Describe the events that occur from the time a motor neuron releases acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction until muscle cell contraction occurs.
-Acetylcholine is released. It is diffused through the synaptic cleft and attaches to receptors on the sarcolemma.
-Sarcolemma permeability to sodium ions increases briefly. Sodium ions rush into the muscle cell, causing depolarization of the membrane. 
-Then the action potential is initiated and sweeps over the entire sarcolemma eventually reaching the sarcoplasmic reticulum deep inside the cell.
-Calcium ions are released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Attachment of calcium ions to the actin filaments exposes binding sites for myosin.
-Myosin heads bind to actin, which trigger their inward sliding and contraction occurs

16. How do isotonic and isometric contractions differ?
-Isotonic Contractions: Muscle tension remains the same, and the muscles shorten.
-Isometric contractions: Muscle tension increases, but the muscle cannot shorten.
17. Muscle tone keeps muscles healthy. What is muscle tone, and what causes it? What happens to a muscle that loses its
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