Properties of Acids and Bases • • Properties • Common Uses Neutralization and Salts • Indicators Acids Dissociate in water to form hydronium ions (H3O+) Proton donors HCl + H2O H3O + Cl + H H Cl H O O H H Cl H – Bases Dissociate in water to form hydroxide ions (OH-) Proton acceptors NH3 + H2O NH H H O H H + OH H H N + 4 H N H H O H - Conjugate Acids & Bases A conjugate base remains when an acid donates an H+. HCl + H2O H3O + Cl + H H Cl H O O H H Cl H – Conjugate Acids & Bases A conjugate acid remains when a base accepts an H+. NH3 + H2O NH H H O H H + OH H H N + 4 H N H H O H - Conjugate Acid-Base Pair two substances related by the loss or gain of a single H+. sour taste sing. rep. rxn w/ metals form H2 gas conduct turn bitter taste slippery feel conduct turn litmus blue litmus red Zn + 2 HCl ZnCl2 + H2 Acetic acid HC2H3O2 Vinegar Carbonic acid H2CO3 Hydrochloric acid HCl Stomach acid HNO3 Fertilizer, industry Nitric acid Ascorbic acid C6H8O6 Sulfuric acid H2SO4 Sodas Vitamin C Battery acid Sodium hydroxide NaOH Drain cleaner, soap Magnesium hydroxide Mg(OH)2 Antacid, laxative Calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2 Concrete, plaster Aluminum hydroxide Al(OH)3 Deodorant, antacid Ammonia NH3 Cleaner, fertilizer Neutralization – chemical reaction between an acid and HCla+base NaOHmaking NaCl … + HOH H2O = ACID + BASE SALT + WATER KOH + HNO3 H2O + KNO3 Acid? donates H+ Base? OH- accepts H+ Salt? neutral KNO3 Sodium chloride NaCl Sodium carbonate Na2CO3 flavoring, preservative glass Potassium chloride KCl Calcium carbonate CaCO3 salt substitute to reduce sodium Show More
