1. DNA – Deoxyribonucleic Acid – carries genetic code
2. Chromosomes – threadlike structure of hereditary material known as the DNA
3. Normal amount of ejaculated sperm – 3 – 5 cc/ 1 teaspoon
4. Ovum is capable of being fertilized within 24 – 36 hours after ovulation.
5. Sperm 48 – 72 days viability
6. Reproductive cells divide by the process of MEIOSIS (haploid number)
Spermatogenesis – process of maturation of sperm
Oogenesis – process of maturation of ovum
30 weeks AOG – 6 million immature ovum
@ birth – 1 million immature oocytes
@ puberty – 300 – 400 immature oocytes
@ 13 y/o – 300 – 400 mature oocytes
@ 23 y/o – 180 – 280 mature ovum
@ 33 y/o – 60 – 160 mature ovum
@ 36 y/o – 24 – 124 mature ovum
@46 y/o – 4 mature ovum
Gametogenesis – process of formation of two haploid into diploid
7. Age of reproductivity – 15 – 44 y/o childbearing age – 20 – 35 y/o
High risk <18 & >35 y.o. With Risk 18 – 20; 30 – 35
8. Menstruation
Menstrual Cycle – beginning of menstruation to the beginning of the next menstruation
Average menstrual cycle – 28 days
Average menstrual period – 5 days
Normal blood loss – 50 cc/ ¼ cup accompanied by FIBRINOLYSIS – prevents clot formation
Related terminologies
Menarche – 1st menstruation
Dysmenorrhea – painful menstruation
Metrorrhagia – bleeding in between menstruation
Menorrhagia – Excessive bleeding during menstruation
Amenorrhea – absence of menstruation
Menopause – cessation of menstruation (Average Age- 51 y.o.)
Tofu – has isoflavone – estrogen of plant that mimics the estrogen with a woman
9. Functions of Estrogen and Progestin
ESTROGEN – hormone of woman
Primary function
Responsible for the development of secondary characteristics in females inhibit production of FSH
Other function
Hypertrophy of the myometrium
Spinnbarkeit and Ferning Pattern (Billings Method)
Ductile structure of the breast
Osteoblastic bone activity (causes increased in height)
Early closure of the epiphysis of the bone
Sodium retention
Increased sexual desire
Responsible for vaginal lubrication
PROGESTERONE – Hormone of the mother
Primary function – prepares the endometrium for implantation making it thick and tortous
Secondary Function – inhibit uterine contractibility
Others
Inhibit LH (hormone of ovulation) production
GI motility
Permeability of kidneys to lactose and dextrose causing + 1 sugar in urine Mammary gland development
BBT
Mood swings
10. Menstrual Cycle
4 phases of menstrual cycle
1. Proliferative
2. Secretory
3. Ischemic
4. Menses
1. On the initial phase of menstruation, the estrogen level is , this level stimulates the hypothalamus to release GnRH/ FSHRF
2. GnRH/ FSHRF stimulates the anterior pituitary gland to release FSH
FSH Function
Stimulate ovaries to release estrogen
Facilitate the growth of primary follicle to become
GRAAFIAN FOLLICE structure that secretes large amount of estrogen that contain mature ovum
3. Proliferative Phase (estrogen)
Follicular Phase – responsible for the variation and irregularity of mense
Postmenstrual Period – after menstruation
Preovulatory Phase – happen before menstruation
4. 13th day of menstruation, estrogen level is PEAK while progesterone is , these stimulates the hypothalamus to release GnRH/ LHRF
5. GnRH/ LHRF stimulates the Anterior Pituitary Gland to release LH
Functions of LH
Stimulates the release of progesterone
Hormone for ovulation
6. 14th day estrogen level is while progesterone level is
S/S
Rupture of the graafian follicle - OVULATION
Mittelschsmerz – slight abdominal pain lower right quadrant
7. 15th day, after ovulation day, graafian follicle starts to degenerate, estrogen level , progesterone , causing degeneration of the graafian follicle becoming yellowinsh known as CORPUS LUTEUM – secretes large amount of progesterone
8. Secretory Phase
Lutheal Phase (progesterone)
Postovulatory phase
Premenstrual Phase
9. 24th day – Corpus
