Alimentary Canal Case Study

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1. As the doctor is listening to her patient's complaints she automatically visualizes the organs in the epigastric region that are the potential source of his problems. Where is the epigastric region and what organs associated with digestion are located in that area?
The epigastric region is at the upper abdomen that’s between the bottom of the chest and the ribcage and bellybutton. The organs that are located in the epigastric region are: the pancrease, the stomach, the liver, the gall bladder, the esophagus, as well as the duodenum.
2. The structures in the epigastric region share a common nerve supply. Can you name the specific cranial nerve that serves this region and the part of the nervous system to which it belongs?
The specific cranial …show more content…
In order to understand the disease in this patient's alimentary canal, one must know the layers that make up its walls. Design a chart that identifies the four basic layers of the alimentary canal, the tissues that make up each layer, and the general function of each layer.
The four basic layers of the alimentary canal are:
1. Mucosa- inner most layer
Makes up the epithelial membrane tissue
Functions: absorption and secretion
Secretes mucus, digestive enzymes, and hormones, also protects against infectious disease. “Also, absorbs the end products of digestion into the blood” (Anatomy and Physiology book. page 860).
2. Submucosa- external to mucosa
Makes up the areolar connective tissue
Function: supplies the surrounding tissues of the IG tract wall. Also, helps the stomach to go into its normal shape after a certain time of storing a big meal.
3. Muscularis externa- inner circular …show more content…
The epithelium of the mucosa is a simple columnar epithelium that is rich in mucus-secreting cells and has a slippery mucus that protects specific digestive organs to not be digested by enzymes that work within their cavities and helps the food passage go through the tract. In the stomach and in the small intestine, the mucosa also has both the enzyme-synthesizing and the hormone-secreting cells. However, the mucosa is a general endocrine organ that is also part of the digestive organ. The mucosa helps to do a rapid repair in the stomach and duodenum. The simple columnar epithelium also has many mucus cells that produce a viscous, alkaline mucus to help protect against acidic gastric juices and the pepsin in the stomach. But, in the duodenum the mucosa forms a villi that is a finger like projection, that lines the epithelium with the microvilli. The lamina propria, underlies the epithelium and is a loose areolar connective tissue that also has a rich capillary bed. It also helps to guard against bacteria and other pathogens that can get into our digestive tract. But, both the stomach and the duodenum have digested nutrients and are absorbed into the capillaries. The muscularis mucosae is “A scant layer of smooth muscle cells that produce local movements of the mucosa” (Anatomy and Physiology book. Page 861). And supports the secretions of the stomach and the
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