helps readers determine how they feel about the author, characters, and themes that a story portrays. In the case of Grendel, a demon from the Old English poem Beowulf, the reader can get two opposing but complementary rhetorics from the stories Beowulf, translated by Seamus Heaney, and Grendel, by John Gardner. The opposing rhetorics of Beowulf and Grendel develop through the focuses, language, and narration of the publications, but both effectively address the audience of each work and provide two…
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