Anatomy And Physiology Chapter 1 Summary

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1.01
• Anatomy is the study of the structure and relationship between body parts.
• Physiology is the study of the function of body parts and the body in its entirety.
1.02
• Median Plane: cuts from the head to feet
• Lateral plane: cuts the body from head to two in a perpendicular manner to the median plane, creating a front and rear half.
• Transverse Plane: cuts through the body from left to right and creates upper and lower halves.
• Oblique plane: Any plane through the body that isn’t parallel to one of the other three
• Superior Plane: cuts the body above or near the head.
• Posterior Plane: cuts the body back side of the body.
• Inferior Plane: cuts the body below also, toward the feet.

1.03 1. Function:
• Epithelium: covers …show more content…
The system is generally organized into two main subdivisions, those being the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system. The Central Nervous System (CNS for short) is made up of the brain and the spinal cord. It processes many different kinds of incoming sensory information. It is the primary source of thoughts, emotions, and memories. The majority of the nerve impulses that cause the stimulation of the muscles leading to contraction and glands’ secretion originate from the CNS. The second part of the nervous system is the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS for short) which includes all nervous tissue that is located outside of the CNS. The PNS is made up of nerves, ganglia, enteric plexuses, and sensory receptors. The PNS has three subdivisions those being the somatic nervous system, autonomic nervous system, and enteric nervous system. The Somatic Nervous System The division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the body's skeletal muscles; also called the Skeletal Nervous System. The Autonomic Nervous System is a part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the muscles and glands of the internal organs, its sympathetic division causes bodily arousal; its parasympathetic division calms. The final part is the Enteric Nervous System which is the nervous system of the gastrointestinal tract. It controls both the process of secretion and motility within the Gi tract, and …show more content…
the neurotransmitter is then released into the synapse. The neurotransmitter moves across the synapse and binds to proteins on the neuron membrane that is about to receive the impulse. the proteins function as receptors. Either hyperpolarization or depolarization occurs depending on the channels opened by the neurotransmitter. If the sodium ion channels open the depolarization occurs and the impulse gets carried through the neuron, if potassium ion channels are opened then hyperplarization will occur and thus inhibition happens. the receptor releases the neurotransmitter after this occurs and it travels back into the synapse, the synapse then re purposes the used neurotransmitter. The chemicals go inside the membrane of the cell so that they may be used during the next
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