Anatomy and Physiology Test with Answers Essay

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Anatomy and Physiology
"The Senses" ____ 1. Which of the following statements regarding the body's exteroreceptors is not true
?
A) thermoreceptors in the skin detect changes in temperature B) chemoreceptors on the tongue and in the nasal cavity detect dissolved chemicals C) mechanoreceptors in the ear detect vibrations D) photoreceptors in the eye detect the brightness and the color of light
E) nociceptors in the skin detect tension and pressure changes ____ 2. The outer (fibrous) coat of the wall of the eye is made up of the: A) blood vessels that nourish the various structures of the eye B) photoreceptive rods and cones of the retina
C) cornea and sclera D) lacrimal apparatus and conjunctiva ____ 3. The middle (vascular) coat or "choroid layer" of the eye wall is composed of the:
A) blood vessels that nourish the various structures of the eye B) photoreceptive rods and cones of the retina C) cornea and sclera D) lacrimal apparatus and conjunctiva ____ 4. The inner (neural) coat of the wall of the eye consists of the: A) blood vessels that nourish the various structures of the eye
B) photoreceptive rods and cones of the retina C) cornea and sclera D) lacrimal apparatus and conjunctiva ____ 5. The thin, watery fluid in the anterior cavity of the eye is __________, while the posterior cavity is filled with the jelly­like __________, both of which maintain proper eye shape and pressure. A) endolymph; perilymph B) perilymph; endolymph C) vitreous humor; aqueous humor
D) aqueous humor; vitreous humor ____ 6. The transparent "windshield" in the front of the eye that functions to refract incoming light: A) sclera B) iris
C) cornea D) pupil ____ 7. The white protective covering of the eye that functions to help maintain the eye's shape:
A) sclera B) iris C) cornea D) pupil

____ 8. The opening or "window" through which light enters and travels to the back of the eye: A) sclera B) iris C) cornea
D) pupil ____ 9. The colored muscle that controls the amount of light that enters the eye: A) fovea B) conjunctiva
C) iris D) fossa ____ 10. __________ muscles make the pupil appear larger (activated in dim light), while __________ muscles make the pupil appear smaller (activated in bright light): A) extrinsic; intrinsic B) intrinsic; extrinsic C) sphincter; dilator D) dilator; sphincter ____ 11. Which of the following pair of adjectives best describes the characteristics of the eye's lens? A) biconcave and rigid B) biconcave and elastic C) biconvex and rigid D) biconvex and elastic ____ 12. Focusing requires that __________ muscles contract and relax to change the shape of the lens. A) refractory
B) ciliary C) extrinsic D) intrinsic ____ 13. The process by which the eye's lens changes shape so that light is focused properly on the retina:
A) accommodation B) dilation C) micturition D) palpation ____ 14. The layer of neurons that lines the interior of the eye and is designed to absorb light: A) pupil B) sclera C) conjunctiva
D) retina ____ 15. Photoreceptive neurons that detect the color of light are called __________, while those that detect the brightness of light are known as __________. A) rods; cones
B) cones; rods C) cylinders; spheres D) spheres; cylinders

____ 16. The "yellow spot" on the back of the retina, directly posterior to the lens, that produces the sharpest detail and most vivid color: A) lamina propia B) macula lutea C) optic disc D) conjunctiva ____ 17. The part of the retina that lacks photoreceptors because of the presence of the optic nerve (a.k.a. "blind spot"): A) fovea centralis B) conjunctiva
C) optic disc D) lamina propia ____ 18. Condition: refracted image forms in front of the retina (nearsightedness)
Cause: eyeball is too long A) hyperopia
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