PART 1 AXIAL SKELETON I. SKULL A. Introduction 1. cranium 2. facial bones 3. paranasal sinuses 4. sutures: coronal sagittal lambdoid squamous 5. fontanels (“soft spots”): anterior posterior sphenoidal mastoid B. Cranium - eight bones surround brain 1. frontal bone forehead supraorbital margin frontal sinuses 2. parietal bones (2) 3. temporal bones (2) a. contributes to b. four main parts: 1) squamous portion zygomatic process -- zygomatic arch 2) petrous portion auditory ossicles internal ear internal acoustic meatus carotid foramen jugular foramen mandibular fossa temporomandibular joint (TMJ) 3) tympanic portion external acoustic meatus 4) mastoid portion mastoid process styloid process 4. occipital bone foramen magnum occipital condyles external occipital protuberance ligamentum nuchae superior nuchal line inferior nuchal line 5. sphenoid bone articulates with ALL other cranial bones lesser wings greater wings body sphenoid sinuses sella turcica for pituitary gland optic foramen superior orbital fissure pterygoid processes 6. ethmoid bone lateral masses ethmoid sinuses perpendicular plate cribriform plate crista galli superior nasal conchae middle nasal conchae C. Cranial fossae 1. cranial floor has three levels: anterior cranial fossa middle cranial fossa posterior cranial fossa D. Facial bones - fourteen bones make up face 1. nasal bones (2) 2. maxillae (2) (1 is maxilla) maxillary sinuses alveolar margins palatine processes hard palate inferior orbital fissure infraorbital foramen 3. zygomatic bones (cheek bones) (2) temporal process -- zygomatic arch zygomatic arch = temporal process of zygomatic bone + zygomatic process of temporal bone 4. mandible (jaw bone) body angles rami (1 is ramus) coronoid process mandibular notch mandibular condyle temporomandibular joint (TMJ) alveolar margins mental foramen mandibular foramen 5. lacrimal bones (2) lacrimal foramen 6. palatine bones (2) vertical (perpendicular) plate horizontal plate -- hard palate hard palate = horizontal plates of palatine bones + palatine processes of maxillae 7. inferior nasal conchae (2) (1 is concha) 8. vomer E. Orbit (2) 1. contains: eyeball, fat cushion, muscles, lacrimal (tear) glands 2. formed by seven bones: a. _______________, b. ______________, c. ______________ d. _______________, e. ______________, f. ______________ g. _______________ F. Nasal cavity 1. roof: cribriform plate of ethmoid 2. lateral walls: superior and middle conchae of ethmoid inferior nasal conchae vertical (perpendicular) plates of palatine bones 3. floor: palatine processes of maxillae horizontal plates of palatine bones 4. septum: Show More
