APUSH Ch 7-10 Essay

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Chapter 7:
Republicanism (3 types)
1.→ Republics could succeed only if they were small in size and homogeneous in population. Unless a republic’s citizens were willing to sacrifice their own private interests for the good of the whole, the government would collapse.
It offered its citizens equality of opportunity. Rank based on merit rather than on inherited wealth and status. Society governed by members of “natural aristocracy” rank not abolished but founded on merit
2→ More of an economic theory than political followed the Scottish theorist Adam Smith emphasizing individual’s pursuit of rational self-interest nation benefitted from aggressive economic and social circumstance, entire nation benefits
Republican virtue achieved through pursuit of private interests not through subordination to some communal idea
3→ Less influential but more egalitarian than the other two others contained potential for inequality while this doesn’t widening mens participation in political process.
Want government to respond directly to the need of the ordinary folk, rejecting any notion that the “lesser sort” should automatically defer to their “better”
They were modern-day democrats
Republican virtue embodied in an untutored wisdom of the people as a whole rather than special insights of a natural aristocracy or wealthy individuals
*themes of republicanism • nationalism • patriotism- portraits and historical scenes intended to instill patriotic sentiments in their viewers • self-government
Education
-seen as the future of colonies in order to maintain a democracy
-become more public than private
-Northern states began first with taxing to create schools
-private schools open to both genders
-by law children must go to school up to a certain age
-colleges not open to women
1789 education reform in Massachusetts advocating for women's education - reasoning is that mothers should be educated since they are bringing up the children of our nation, academics also trained them for needlework
Judith Sargent Murray
-early women rights advocate
-pro education for women
-feels that women are just as capable
Blacks in colonial America
-African Americans=major contradiction
-In a country where all men are created equal, but slaves are not
-Legislatures turned African Americans down when they strived for freedom
-slavery lessened in the south since soil worn out from tobacco, therefore less profitable causing slaves to buy their freedom
-North somewhat abolished slavery
North vs. South
-South altered laws restricting slaves ability to become free- more strict
-First emancipation: North abolished slavery, freed some slaves, but did not completely abolish the idea of slavery- still no schools for slaves
→ Racist theory
- blacks unable to intermarry with whites- idea that black men were after white women (rape)
-the theory was that people argued that slaves and blacks were not fully human because they were non christians
-to abide to the constitution that all men are equal, whites made it as if the blacks were not considered human therefore not apart of the phrase “all men”
-the republic only appealed to european descent
-blacks beneath whites- whites superior-black lazy (although they were natural workers so that contradicts the idea that they are good slaves to work the land)
Structure of State constitutions
-outlines the distribution in limits of governor powers putting strong limits on him(the governor)
-Two house structure- more power given to the upper house (final decisions made there)
-Bill of Rights - When revised implemented checks and balances more about limiting than giving power due to fear of executive power
*Nebraska only has one house legislature
The Articles of Confederation
Main Provisions
-federal government could not raise national revenue
-If there was a new law there needed to be full ratification of every state
-Did not have much power towards interstate commerce
-regained the North west
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