Board of Education ruling as instrumental in initiating monumental change in the ways public schools operate today. Nonetheless, he acknowledges that African American students are filtered into lower educational tracks at a rapid pace and fall prey to a mis-education. Saddler would agree with Donelan that ability tracking is a detrimental side effect of the Brown v. Board of Education decision. However, he takes this argument one step further and explains that it is not enough to eliminate tracking, it is imperative to challenge societal norms that are saturated in racism. Saddler states, [“…this theme calls attention to the reality that racism is a normal daily fact of life in society and that the dogmatic assumptions of racism are so deeply ingrained in the political and legal structures as to be almost unrecognizable.” (p.42)] Saddler explains that in order for equality to happen there has to be a mutual understanding of when and where inequality exists. Although not explicitly stated, it can be inferred that Saddler is recognizing that White Europeans can be unaware of how their culture and way of life has become a normative standard and oppressive to