As far as is understood, Cassie does not have a therapeutic relationship with Alex and he cannot possibly know how Cassie will utilise any information about David that could be inadvertently disclosed to her, so she would not be viewed as an appropriate person. Likewise, information that is shared about David with Alex outside of counselling is likely to affect the therapeutic relationship. Withholding additional information regarding David’s relationship could impact Alex’s ability to be congruent towards David and could bring about issues of countertransference. An appropriate reason for contacting Cassie and disclosing information would be if Alex knew Cassie’s safety was at