Baker's Cyst Case Study

Baker’s cyst: presentation, diagnosis and treatment
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Baker’s cyst : presentation, diagnosis and treatment
Yasameen Al-Gailani
McMaster University
Baker’s cyst: presentation, diagnosis and treatment
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Introduction
Baker's cyst is "a distended medial gastrocnemius-semimembranosus bursa" (Beggs, 2014, p. 126-148) Usually there is a communication between the bursa and the knee joint. The communication can be congenital or due to aging and degenerative conditions such as osteoarthritis that result in the degeneration of the relatively thin joint capsule (Beggs, 2014). A typical Baker's cyst appears as a palpable lump over the posteromedial aspect of the knee during physical examination (Bianchi & Martinoli, 2007).
Anatomic background
The posteromedial …show more content…
Baker's cyst. a Drawing of a coronal view of the posterior knee shows the anatomic relationships of the Baker's cyst (BC) with the medial head of the gastrocnemius muscle (MHG) and the semimembranosus muscle and tendon (SM). b Photograph of the popliteal space in a patient with a Baker's cyst shows focal swelling at the inferomedial aspect of the posterior knee. c Surgical view of a Baker's cyst (BC) depicts its relationship with the medial head of the gastrocnemius (MHG). Adapted from "Ultrasound of the musculoskeletal system", by C. Martinoli & S. Bianchi , 2007, p. 704, …show more content…
Intrabursal loose bodies. "a,b Osseous and c,d osteochondral fragments in two different patients. a Longitudinal US image with b corresponding schematic drawing demonstrates the dependent portion of a Baker cyst filled with fluid (asterisk) and containing a loose body (arrow). The fragment is characterized by a hyperechoic structure and well-defined posterior acoustic shadowing (arrowheads), reflecting a purely osseous structure. c Longitudinal US image with d corresponding schematic drawing in a patient with previous osteochondral fracture reveals a loose body composed of a deep hyperechoic component (arrows) with posterior acoustic shadowing (open arrowheads) related to the osseous part of the fragment and a superficial hypoechoic component (white arrowheads) corresponding to its chondral part. Note that the fluid filling the cyst aids the detection of the loose body. MHG, medial head of the gastrocnemius muscle; SM, semimembranosus muscle" (Bianchi & Martinoli, 2007, p. 708). Adapted from "Ultrasound of the musculoskeletal system", by C. Martinoli & S. Bianchi , 2007, p. 708,

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