Benner's Dreyfus Skill Acquisition

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Most nursing research studies refer to Benner's Dreyfus Skill Acquisition Model as the theoretical framework of the nursing competency in the nursing field. Patricia Benner was the first researcher to address the concept of nursing competency in the 1980s (Dracup
& Bryan-Brown, 2004). Benner’s theory describes how nurses develop knowledge, skills, and attitudes over time and through a series of five levels. These levels are novice, advanced beginner, competent, proficient, and expert. Each level depends on the previous one to form an abstract of expanded experience and expertise throughout the nursing career
(Benner, Tanner, & Chesla, 1996; Dracup & Bryan-Brown; Burns & Poster, 2008).
The graduate nurse is a novice who constructs the learning
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