Elements Of Life

Submitted By zippy112
Words: 1153
Pages: 5
Open Document
8/21/13

Animals > Organ Systems > Organs > Tissues > c Cells

Water and Carbon
Dr. Corl
BIOL 105
August 23, 2013

The Elements of Life

Most important: Hydrogen, Carbon, Nitrogen and
O
Oxygen

• Four types of atoms comprise 96% of the matter in living organisms:
– Hydrogen, _______, ________, and _______.

Valence Electrons

1) valence 2) filled 3)bonding
An atom is happiest when it's valence shell is full

• Atoms often have unpaired electrons in their _________
(outermost) shells.
• Atoms are most stable when their valence shells are _____.
• Atoms can interact with each other in ways that help fill their valence shells, resulting in chemical ________.

1

8/21/13

Types of Chemical Bonds

1) Nonpolar 2) Polar 3) Ionic

1.) Covalent bond: Results when two atoms share their valence electrons in order to fill their valence shells.
- ________ covalent bond:
Electrons are evenly shared
- ________ covalent bond:
Electrons are asymmetrically shared
2.) _______ bond: Results when one atom completely transfers electrons to another atom.

Covalent Chemical Bonds

• Covalent bonds result from electron ______.

Polar vs. Nonpolar Covalent Bonds

Electrons are being shared.

1) sharing

Atoms of different elements sharing electrons with each each other may lead to one element holding shared shared electrons more strongly.
1) Oxygen 2) tightly
O > N > C > H (electronegativity)
Water is a polar molecule: regions of partial pos

• ______ has a high electronegativity and holds shared electrons more ______ than hydrogen.

and neg charge.

2

8/21/13

Ionic Bonds

Ionic bonds can occur between negatively and positively charged ions (cations and anions)
1) electrons 2) Ions 3) opposite

• Results from a complete transfer of _______ from one atom to another.
• _____ formed in this manner have _________ charges and are attracted to one another.

Single, Double, and Triple
Covalent Bonds

Single: participants share 1 pair of electrons
Double: sharing 2 pairs of electrons

• Atoms with more than one ______ valence electron can form _______ covalent bonds.

Representation of Molecules

Chemical formulas tell you how many of each element make up a molecule.
Structural formulas show you how they are arranged. 3

8/21/13

Water: H2O

Water is the most abundant molecule within the living cell. 1) cells 2) solvent

• Living ____ are over 75% water (by volume).
• Our bodies are ~70% water (by mass).
• Water is a great ________ - an agent for getting substances into solution.

Water is a Polar Molecule

Hydrogen bond
1)oxygen 2) hydrogen
Each water molecule can form up to 4 hydrogen bo bonds. These bonds help water molecules to stick

• ______ bond:

to one another.

– A weak bond that forms between an atom with a partial positive charge and an atom with a partial negative charge.
– e.g. A hydrogen bond can form between the partial negatively charged _______ of one water molecule and the partial positively charged ________ of a second water molecule.

Water as a Solvent

1) Polar 2) Hydrophilic

• _____molecules and ions are _______:
They dissolve readily in water

4

8/21/13

Water as a Solvent

1) Nonpolar 2) hydrophobic
Lipids are dominated by a relatively nonpolar stucture structure. They do not dissolve in water.

• _______molecules are __________:
They do not dissolve readily in water

Special Properties of Water

1) LESS 2) open

• Solid water (ice) is _____ dense than liquid water, allowing ice to float atop liquid water.
– Water molecules in ice, making the maximum number of hydrogen bonds with neighboring water molecules, are locked together in a relatively _____ crystal lattice.

Water is Cohesive and Adhesive
• ________: Clinging together of like molecules: – Water molecules cohere together via hydrogen bonding.

Cohesion
Adhesion
Show More

Related Documents: Elements Of Life

BIO Notes Essay

grade Drop deadline – grade “W” November 25th: Midterm 3 November 27th-December 1st: Thanksgiving Recess December 4th: Final Day of Class December 12th: Final 2-3:50 PM Laboratory: Concurrent enrollment in a laboratory section of BIO 120 is required for successful completion of this course. Your performance in laboratory counts for 25% of your final grade. In order to pass this course you must receive 60% of total possible points in lab. Attendance Policy: Regular attendance…

Words 559 - Pages 3

Bio Prelim Notes

Bio Prelim Notes Definitions: Environment: It’s our surroundings or external factors and forces (conditions) that affect and organism or group of organisms. Ecology: The study of interactions that take place between organisms and their environment. Abiotic: Non-living factors Biotic: Living factors Ecosystem: Is an interaction between living and non-living factors in an environment. Abiotic Factors Biotic Factors Soil Ph Competitors Soil Humidity Predators Soil Temperature Decomposers Air Temperature…

Words 1191 - Pages 5

Essay on Bio Notes

Glycolysis OVERALL: Catabolic Glycolysis literally means "splitting sugars." In glycolysis, glucose (a six carbon sugar) is split into two molecules of a three-carbon sugar. Glycolysis yields two molecules of ATP (free energy containing molecule), two molecules of pyruvic acid and two "high energy" electron carrying molecules of NADH. Glycolysis can occur with or without oxygen. In the presence of oxygen, glycolysis is the first stage of cellular respiration[->0]. Without oxygen, glycolysis allows…

Words 724 - Pages 3

Bio Notes Essays

Bio 1406 - Chapter 11 – Mendelian Patterns of Inheritance 11.1 Gregor Mendel A. The Blending Concept of Inheritance 1. This theory stated that offspring would have traits intermediate between those of the parents. 2. Red and white flowers produce _____pink____________ flowers; any return to red or white offspring was considered instability in the genetic material. 3. Charles Darwin wanted to develop a theory of evolution based on hereditary principles; blending theory was of…

Words 3133 - Pages 13

Bio Notes Essay

AQA GCSE Science BIOLOGY 2 Unit B2.3 Photosynthesis Know that all green plants and algae use light energy to make their own food. Know that all green plants and algae obtain the raw materials they need to make this food from the air and the soil. Know that the conditions in which plants are grown can be changed to promote growth. You should be able to use your skills, knowledge and understanding to be able to: interpret data showing how factors affect the rate of photosynthesis…

Words 445 - Pages 2

BIO 130 Notes Essay

Intro to the Cell Notes: The Cell Theory: a Brief History Robert Hooke 1635-1703 Invented the first microscope Viewed slices of cork and called it “cellula” (little rooms) Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek 1632-1723 Worked with glass à huge improvement in quality of lenses à nearly 300x magnification became possible First to observe: Single-celled organisms “animalcules” protists from pond water bacteria from his mouth – was considered “father of microbiology” blood cells banded pattern in…

Words 651 - Pages 3

Bio 2 notes Essay

Study Guide: Be able to describe the different disciplines of Forensic Science and its applications. 1. The forensic scientists must remain an advocate only for the best that reliable science can bring to the data that we call “evidence”. 2. The forensic job is exciting but we must remember that often dealing with death it can be emotionally draining. 3. To be a forensic scientist it requires the appropriate integration of basic human emotions known as reason. 4. One important characteristic…

Words 609 - Pages 3

Bio Notes Essay examples

I. Evolution - Descent with modification; the idea that living species are descendants of ancestral species that were different from present day ones; also the genetic changes in a population over generations. *Changes over time 1. Ideas before Darwin a. Ancient Greeks b. Fossil Record c. Heritability was known but not understood d. 1800 - Jean Baptiste Lamark - evolution by inheritance of acquired characteristics. 2. Darwinian Evolution…

Words 2830 - Pages 12

Essay about Bio Notes

Main Idea: populations of species are described by density, spatial distribution and growth rate Population Characteristics: * all species occur in groups called populations * pop. Density * spatial distribution * growth rate * used to classify pops of org * bacteria * animals * plants Population density: * Population Density: is the number of orgs per unit area Spatial Distribution: * Dispersion: the pattern of spacing of a…

Words 826 - Pages 4

Essay BIO/ 430 Notes

BIOLOGY 430 DR> SMITH U of A BACHELORS NURSING: RN TO BSN PROGRAM WHO IT IS FOR: RN’s looking to increase their responsibilities, boost salary, and assist in better job placement. WHAT IT FOCUSES ON:  Research  Theory  Community Concepts  Leadership  Current trends in/of healthcare  Therapeutic interventions A COST: BIOLOGY 430 DR> SMITH U of A BACHELORS NURSING: RN TO BSN PROGRAM WHO IT IS FOR: RN’s looking to increase their responsibilities, boost…

Words 313 - Pages 2