Axial Skeleton (80)
The Frontal bone is the anterior part of the cranium. It forms the forehead. (txt p. 197)
The pair of parietal bones make up the sides and the roof of the cranial cavity. (txt p. 198)
The pair of temporal bones are the inferior lateral aspects of the cranium and are also part of the cranial floor. (txt p.199)
The occipital bones make up most of the base of the cranium and the posterior part of the cranium. (txt p. 200)
The sphenoid bone help hold all of the other cranial bones together and is located at the middle part of the base of the skull. (txt p. 202)
The ethmoid bone is spongelike in appearance and is located anterior to the sphenoid and posterior to the nasal bones and is in the anterior part of the cranial floor. (txt p.204)
The pair of nasal bones form the bridge of the nose and are small, flattened, rectangular shaped bones. (txt p. 206)
The pair of lacrimal bones are posterior and lateral to the nasal bones. They are the smallest bones in the face and are very thin and are about the size and shape of a fingernail. (txt p. 206)
The pair of palatine bones are L-shaped and are a small portion of the floors of the orbits, the posterior part of the hard palate, and part of the floor and laterial wall of the nasal cavity. (txt p. 206)
The pair of inferior nasal conchae are separate bones and are not part of the ethmoid bone but, are located inferior to the middle nasal conchae of the ethmoid bone. They appear scroll-like and form part of the inferior lateral wall of the nasal cavity. (txt p. 206)
The vomer forms the inferior portion of the bony nasal septum and appears roughly triangular. (txt p. 206)
The pair of maxillae form the upper jawbone. It forms most of the hard palate, the lateral walls and floor of the nasal cavity, and part of the floors of orbits. (txt p. 206)
The pair of zygomatic bones form part of the lateral wall and floor of each orbit and form the prominences of the cheeks. They are known as the cheek bones. (txt p.207)
The mandible forms the lower jaw bone and is the strongest facial bone. It is also the only moveable skull bone. (txt p. 207)
The pair of malleus are located in each ear inside the inner ear. It is attached to the internal surface of the tympanic membrane and is hammer-shaped. (txt p. 596)
The pair of incus are also located in each ear in the inner ear. It is anvil-shaped and is connected laterally to the malleus. It transmits vibration to the stapes. (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/incus)
The pair of stapes are also located in each ear inside the inner ear. They are stirrup-shaped and transmit vibration to the oval window, medially. (en. Wikipedia.org/wiki/stapes)
The hyoid bone is U-shaped and is located in the anterior neck between the mandible and larynx. It supports the tongue and some tongue muscles and also supports the muscles of the neck and pharynx. ( txt p. 213)
The Cervical vertebra (C1-C7) are the smallest of all vertebrae expect of the coccyx. (txt p. 217)
The atlas (C1) is the first cervical vertebra and is located inferior to the skull. It is a ring of bone with anterior and posterior arches and large lateral masses.(txt p. 217)
The axis (C2) is the second cervical vertebra and has a vertebral body. (txt p.217)
The third through the sixth cervical vertebrae (C3-C6) come in order after the after the previous two. They follow the same pattern as the others.(txt .217)
The seventh cervical vertebra (C7) is somewhat different and is called the vertebra prominens. It differs because it has a large, nonbifid spinous process like at the base of the neck.(txt p. 218)
The thoracic vertebrae (T1-T12) are larger and stronger than cervical vertebrae. They have a larger and longer transverse compared to cervical vertebrae. (txt p. 219)
T1 through T10 are long, laterally flattened and directly inferiorly. (txt p. 219)
T11 and T12 are broader, shorter, and directed more posteriorly. (txt p. 219)
The lumbar vertebrae (L1-L5) are the
