Biological Perspectives

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Biological Perspectives: a Biological Perspective.

The biological perspective in psychology emphasizes the role of biological processes, such as genetics, neurochemistry, and the nervous system, in shaping behavior and mental processes. It posits that behaviors, thoughts, and emotions can be understood through examining the structure and function of the brain and nervous system, as well as the influence of genetics and evolutionary factors. This perspective seeks to uncover how physiological factors contribute to psychological phenomena and how abnormalities in the brain or body can lead to psychological disorders.

One influential figure from the biological perspective is Roger Sperry. Sperry was an American neuropsychologist who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1981 for his pioneering research on the functional specialization of …show more content…
Studies using techniques such as brain imaging (e.g., fMRI, PET scans) have identified specific brain regions associated with various psychological processes, such as emotion, memory, and language. Additionally, twin and adoption studies have demonstrated the heritability of certain psychological traits and disorders, further underscoring the role of genetics in shaping behavior and mental health.

From a biological perspective, drug use is often explained in terms of the effects of psychoactive substances on the brain and nervous system. Drugs can alter neurotransmitter levels and synaptic activity, leading to changes in mood, cognition, and behavior. Research has shown that addiction involves neurobiological changes, such as alterations in dopamine signaling pathways, which contribute to the compulsive drug-seeking behavior observed in addicts. Additionally, genetic factors can influence susceptibility to addiction, highlighting the interplay between biology and drug use.

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