Essay Biology Vocabulary for Final Exams

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Vocabulary for Final Exams: Biology

Homeostasis

Biology
Carbohydrate

Lipid

Protein

Nucleic Acid

Prokaryote
Eukaryote

Organelle

Cells

ATP

The process where an organism regulates its internal environment.
The study of life
Major source of energy for the human body; made of C:H:O
Macromolecule made mainly from carbon and hydrogen atoms; one glycerol and 3 fatty acids
Principal component of organisms; needed by cells for growth and repair; macromolecule made of
C:H:O:N
Macromolecule that carries genetic information; containing C:H:O:N:P
Unicellular organism lacking a nucleus
Multicellular organism whose cells contain nuclei and organelles
Specialized structure that performs important cellular functions within a eukaryotic cell Basic unit of structure and function for all living organisms.
A molecule that provides energy for cellular respiration. ATP releases energy when one of its high-energy bonds is broken and releases a phosphate group.

Diploid
Haploid
Phenotype
Genotype
Photosynthesis

Cellular Respiration

Cell Cycle

Mitosis

Meiosis

Cancer

Metastasis

Transcription

cells that contain both sets of homologous chromosomes cells that contain a single set of chromosomes. The observable expression of a genotype The genetic composition of an organism A process in which solar radiation is chemically captured by chlorophyll molecules and through a set of controlled reactions resulting in the potential energy in the bonds of carbohydrates. Process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen.
The series of events that takes place in a cell leading to its division and duplication. The main phases of the cell cycle are interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis. A nuclear division resulting in the production of 2 somatic cells having the same genetic information.
Two phase nuclear division that results in the production of gametes with half the number of chromosomes
Disorder of some of the body’s cells that lose the ability to control growth;
malignant
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