Black Box Testing

Submitted By marktest84
Words: 610
Pages: 3

Black Box Testing



Only input & output functionality are visible.



Inputs are given specification. and

outputs

are

compared

against

Features:


Correct outputs from inputs properly.



Test cases are designed from user requirements.



Test planning can begin early in the software process.



Looking at the program from an external point of view.

Black Box Testing
Input Test Data

I

Inputs causing anomalous behavior System

output Test Results O

Outputs which reveal the presence of defects

Black Box Testing is a “Expert” in Finding


Incorrect or missing functions.



Interface errors



Behavior or performance errors.



Initialization and termination errors.



Errors in data structures



External database errors.

Graph Based Testing Methods


Each and every application is build up of some objects. All such objects are identified and graph is prepared. From this object graph each object relationship is identified and test cases written accordingly to discover the errors.

Sample Graph Notation
Object
1

Directed
Link

Object
2

Object
3

•Nodes are represented as circles.
•Links between nodes are categorized as:
• Directed Link (one direction)
• Bidirectional or Undirected or Symmetric Link: both directions.
• Parceled links: different relationships established between nodes.

Error Guessing Testing Methods


This is purely based on previous experience and judgment of tester.
Error Guessing is the art of guessing where errors can be hidden.
For this technique there are no specific tools, writing the test cases that cover all the application paths.

Methods of Black box
Testing

1. Equivalence Partitioning


Equivalence Partitioning is a software test design technique that involves dividing input values into valid and invalid partitions and selecting representative values from each partition as test data.

2. Boundary Value Analysis
Value Analysis is a software test design technique that
(BVA) Boundary involves determination of boundaries for input values and


selecting values that are at the boundaries and just inside/outside of the boundaries as test data.

3. Cause Effect Graphing


Cause Effect Graphing is a software test design technique that involves identifying the cases (input conditions) and effects (output conditions), producing a Cause-Effect Graph, and generating test cases accordingly.

4. Orthogonal Array Testing


Used to finding errors associated with region faults.



number of inputs to the system is relatively small, but too large to allow for exhaustive testing of every possible input to the systems.



It provides good test coverage with test cases.

5. Syntax Driven Testing


Very good methodology for compliers and parsers.



Use BNF notation.