Renal System
The renal system contains two kidneys with emerging tubes which are called the ureters running down the posterior abdominal wall to a lone pelvic collecting organ, this is the bladder. The channel from the bladder to the exterior is via the urethra, and the movement of urine is controlled by a sphincter muscle which is positioned just below the bladder. The kidneys are provided by short renal arteries coming off the main artery of the body, the aorta. Renal veins take the blood from the kidneys to the vena cava, the main vein of the body.
Nervous System
The nervous system includes the central nervous system (spinal cord and brain), and the peripheral nervous system, the nerves traveling to and from the brain (cranial nerves) and the spinal cord (spinal nerves). A chain of ganglia tracks close to the spinal cord and is associated with the automatic nervous system, this panels the internal organs. Autonomic nerves fibres are also contained within the peripheral nerves.
Endocrine System
This is a gathering of ductless glands dispersed throughout the body. Endocrine glands past their secretions (this is known as hormones) directly into the bloodstreams so they ate always head to head to the blood vessels.
Reproduction System
Female
This system comprises two ovaries, each of them with an emerging oviduct (this is a fallopian tube) linking to the thick wall uterus (or the womb). The neck of the uterus protrudes into the muscular vagina and this opens to the exterior at the vulva. Two fleshy folds, known as the labia conceal the vaginal orifice.
Male
Two testicles hang in a skin sac which is called the scrotum, just outside the abdomen and are joined by long tubes (each known as the vas defence) to the urethra. The urethra is much longer than that of the female and enclosed in an organ called the penis. Two columns of erectile tissue lie along with the urethra in the penis. Two pairs of glands, pour their seminal vesicles and Cowper’s glands, empties their secretions into the vasa deferentia (plural), close to the bladder. A single ring shaped gland called the prostate gland, also includes secretions and is positioned around the upper part of the urethra, just below the bladder. The urethra and vasa deferentia unite within the prostate gland.
Cardiovascular
Linking to the circulatory system, this includes the heart and blood vessels and transports nutrients and oxygen to the tissues of the body and
