Body System Study Guide Essay

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Health Services Final Exam
Cell

Nucleus – Control center where cell division occurs
Nucleolus – within the nucleus, contains DNA
Golgi Apparatus- “Warehouse” stores proteins and when the cell needs them, they are sent out
Endoplasmic Reticulum – stores and transports material Rough – makes proteins Smooth – makes fats & cholesterol and helps detoxify
Lysosome – can dissolve and cell parts
Mitochondria – “powerhouse of the cell”; ATP (energy) is stored here
Ribosome – Makes protein – found in ER, makes it rough
Chromatin – Genetic material of a cell

Roles

Reproductive System

The reproductive system’s goal is to have appropriate organs to produce and create new life, and also to produce hormones to help organs and maintain secondary sec characteristics. Over time, there are many changes that can occur in both the female and the male. In the female, menopause can take place. This means that they are no longer able to produce eggs; therefore, they no longer have their period. The vagina may also become shorter and dryer. Intercourse can become painful and also the breasts start to change. The breast size can change, and also may start to sag. In men, they may develop Erectile Dysfunction. This means they are no longer able to get hard, or stay hard. The prostate gland can enlarge and this can cause bladder issues. The testes continue to produce sperm, but the rate of sperm cell production slows down. Their testosterone level also decreases. Before woman start to age, they (some) are able to produce offspring. A woman starts off with her period. During days 1-5 you are bleeding. In the brain, the hypothalamus tells your pituitary gland to release FSH and LH. The FSH gets 13 – 20 eggs ready. FSH also helps to stimulate egg growth. LH then comes in and takes the biggest and matures egg and pushes it out into and down the fallopian tubes. Levels drop and estrogen and progesterone levels rise. This helps to prepare the uterine lining. If the egg is not fertilized it becomes a corpus luteum or scar. In the end it becomes a corpus albican; levels drop and uterus lining is expelled, and that’s when a woman gets her period. FSH and LH levels then go up, and the cycle starts again. Semen is important because it protects and nourishes the sperm. The Cowpers gland, prostate gland, and seminal vesicle all contribute to semen.

STIMULATES FOLLICLE GROWTH – FSH
STIMULATES FOLLICEL TO BREAK – LH
STIMULATES SPERM PRODUCTION – FSH
SECONDARY SEC CHARACTERISTS FEMALE – ESTROGEN
GROETH OF HAIR (BEARD, BODY) – PROGESTERONE
SECONDARY SEX CHARACTERISTICS MALE – TESTOSTERONE

Penis

Vagina

Body Part Away from Midline – Distal
Body Parts located near the head – cranial
Body parts near “tail” area – caudal
Body parts close to the midline – Medial
Body Cavities in front of Body – frontal
Body cavities in back of Body – Dorsal

Other words to know:
Caudal
Cranial
Distal
Dorsal
Frontal
Inferior
Lateral
Medial
Proximal
Superior
Inferior
Transverse
Ventral

Define Blood Pressure – The rate which your blood travels through your blood vessels

What is hypertension and why is it of concern? Hypertension is another name for high blood pressure. This is bad because it can cause a heart attack and other health issues

What is pulse deficit? The difference between heart rate and pulse rate in atrial fibrillation

Flow of Corn:
1. Mouth
2. Pharynx
3. Esophagus
4. Cardiac Sphincter
5. Stomach
6. Pyloric Sphincter
7. Duodenum
8. Jejunum
9. Ileum
10. Cecum
11. Ascending Colon
12. Transverse Colon
13. Descending Colon
14. Sigmoid Colon
15. Rectum
16. Anal Canal

Flow of Egg (Food)
1. Mouth
2. Pharynx
3. Cardiac Sphincter
4. Stomach
5. Pyloric Sphincter
6. Duodenum
7. Jejunum
8. ileum
9. Digested and absorbed into the bloodstream

What happens when you eat…
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