Macduff, the speaker, is talking about Scotland, and how it had no hope because the evil, wicked, and cruel tyrant Macbeth has gained control of the throne. Throughout the book, it shows us how this reign was brought on by Macbeth and how it was ended. A large part of the book is about Macbeth and his mortality, which I argue is a large part on how his cruel reign is both brought on and ended. As Macbeth, who starts off as a great and loyal general to king Duncan, struggles with his mortality, and slowly becomes an evil tyrant over Scotland. Without this struggle for mortality, and evil taking control over Macbeth, Scotland would be either run by king Duncan, or a good Macbeth, who realized his wrongs. This version of Macbeth would still be a good leader, but because of this struggle for mortality, Scotland suffers, and is put entirely into chaos and