1. What does syncretism mean?
Syncretism is the fusion of two or more things, forming something new. In this case, it is between Hawaiian and Western culture. ʻIolani Palace is an example of cultural syncretism.
2. What is the reason for the dearth of scholarly attention paid to Hawaiian visual culture?
Hawaiian visual culture was not paid much attention because it was viewed as too Westernized, not authentically Hawaiian. The indigenous people had an attraction to foreign goods, which diminished the appeal of traditional Hawaiian visual culture.
3. What were Kalākauaʻs nation building projects responding to? How is ʻIolani Palace best understood?
His building projects were in response to his opposition. His rivals did not believe he could
