He uses those three types of isolation to bring awareness that both systematic and institutionalized discrimination and a lack of culture are the main factors of keeping poor black people to escape poverty in ghetto areas. In the early 1900s, local governments used force of law to divide races into segregated neighborhoods. Later, Whites used violent intimidation and private agreements to keep Blacks out of white neighborhoods. During the 1960s, many federal agencies began to limit their services to African-American people. Some of these services included signing up for loans or mortgages and many agencies vastly lowered the amounts given out to African-Americans (Ford, 2009). This only pushed any kind of chance for African-Americans to come out from an impoverished neighborhood to better establish themselves economically and