The techniques used to capture and restrain wildlife animals have been around for hundreds of years. People have used methods like snares, nets, and foot-hole traps. As time went on, humans modified their techniques in order to capture, restrain, and tame animals. The new technique humans derived was darts with drugs in them blown through hollow tubes. Eventually, humans evolved into using guns for advanced targets and more accurate precision. Proper training of blow darts and guns allows reduced injuries and lower mortality rates. Another factor that plays into proper immobilization is the drug used and the amount used. A common taxonomic family that is immobilized for many reasons, including research, is the Cerdivae family. The Cervidae…show more content… After the injection the animal should rest quietly till the full effect of the drug has been reached. Initially it was approved in 100 mg/mL doses, but in 2002 it was approved in 300 mg/mL doses under the name Cervizine 300. Occasional deaths have occurred with the use of Xylazine hydrochloride with roughly a 3.5% mortality rate. It often produces ruminal stasis and bloating in animals lying down. Two warnings listed for the drug is to not use it less than 15 days before or during the hunting season and on domestic food-producing animals. Etorphine hydrochloride was the first potent opiate used for non-domestic and wild species. The opiate was a revolution for veterinarians and biologist across the country because it helped restrain and safely capture species that couldn’t be handled previously. It produces rapid reversible immobilization at low doses and typically is combined with Xylazine, Medetomidine, and Azaperone. Naltrexone and Diprenorphine reverse it. In the United States, it is used mostly on feral horses, elk, deer, and bison. Etorphine is similar to morphine as it blocks the conditional reflexes of
