Essay on Ch.14, 15 and 16

HBSE Chapters 14, 15, and 16 Study Guide
Here is your study guide for Chapters 14, 15, 16. People 75 and older are considered Old-Old Mid-Old = 65+
Konrad Adeneour was a 88 year old German Chancellor who promoted a Social Market Economy
Mary Eddy founded the Christian Science Monitor
Arthur Rubenstein was a Polish-American classic pianist who gave one of his best performances in Carnegie Hall
Albert Schweitzer headed a hospital in Africa. He was a theologian, philosopher, organist, and a missionary. He received a Nobel Peace Prize in 1952.
Benjamin Franklin was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States and in many ways was "the First American” He is on the $100.00 bill. He was the 6th President of the Supreme Executive Council of Pennsylvania.
Glaucoma is a frequent cause of blindness. It is caused by fluid pressure in the eye. It seldom has early symptoms but if it is detected early enough it can be treated with medication, eye-drops or surgery.
Cataracts is a common concern for older people. It is defined as a clouding of the lens of the eye and it obstructs the passage of light. It may cause blurred vision, double vision or blindness. It affects more than ½ of older people. Can be completely removed surgically.
Macular Degeneration is age related and is the leading cause of functional blindness in older people. The center of the retina gradually loses the ability to distinguish fine details. SMOKERS are about 2 ½ times as likely to develop this condition.
Physiological changes of older people is referenced as the STRESS THEORY. Each stressor is thought to leave a residual behind that ages the person over time.
Sexual response in aging females: EXCITEMENT is when the uterus and cervix begin to move up and away from the vagina. The clitoris, lips, and breast enlarge. PLATEAU is when the vagina lengthens and grips and the clitoris disappears. ORGASM occur when the uterus and vagina begin to have spasm and the RESOLUTION phase is when the cervix and the uterus return to normal.
Cell Theory in Later Life is referred to as the formation of cellular protein. This causes the cells to die. RUNNING-OUT-OF- PROGRAM THEORY means that once the cells divide (usually 50 times) it dies and does no regenerate. This is estimated to the life expectancy to reach and end at 110. The non-genetic theory id ACCUMULATION of harmful substances over a life span and the body can no longer fight them off so we die.
Factors that Accelerate Aging are broken bones, accidents, severe burns, stress, alcohol abuse, drug abuse, and poor eating habits
Life Expectancy has increased due to better sanitation, nutrition, and disease control. In 2010 the average life expectancy was 78.
Alzheimer's disease is named after Dr. Alois Alzheimer. He examined a women’s brain after death and found abnormal clumps (amyloids) and tangled bundles of fibers (tangles). It is defined as a degenerative brain disorder that gradually causes a decrease in intelligence, memory, awareness, and ability to control body functions. In the final stages it causes paralysis and breathing difficulties.
Project that mapped the order of DNA base pairs is known as the HUMAN GENOME PROJECT
Sleep patterns consist of issues such as insomnia, difficulty staying awake, awaking during the night. Older people need the SAME amount of sleep as people in MIDDLE adulthood. Restless sleep is common for those who are inactive. Deep sleep virtually disappears. They generally take cat naps for 15 to 60 minutes within the day.
Stress is a contributor in emotional and behavioral difficulties, and physical illnesses. There are 3 stage reactions to stress: alarm (fight or flight), resistance (tries to repair damage caused by the stressor), and exhaustion phase (only occurs if the stressors last for a prolonged period of time). This is known as (GAS) General Adaptation Syndrome
Benson and Relaxation Response has 4 components. (1) being in a quiet environment free from external

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