Chapter 5: Integumentary System-Burns And The Rule Of Nines

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Chapter 5: Integumentary System -Burns and the Rule of Nines
A burn is a tissue damage caused by excessive heat, electricity, radioactivity, or corrosive chemicals that denature the proteins in the skin cells. Burns are graded according to their severity. A first-degree burn involves only the epidermis (sunburn). A second-degree burn destroys the epidermis and part of the dermis (blister). A third-degree burn is a full-thickness burn that destroys the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layer in which you would need a skin graft. The Rule of Nines is used to estimate the surface area of an adult affected by a burn. Anterior & Posterior head & neck 9%, Anterior & Posterior shoulders, arms, forearms & hands 18%, Anterior & Posterior trunk 36%, Perineum 1%, Anterior & Posterior thighs, legs, & feet 36%
Chapter 6: Bone Tissue – Fracture and Repair of Bone
A fracture is a break in a bone. Many different types of fractures may occur. The healing process involves 3 different phases in 4 steps. The reactive phase which is an early inflammatory phase (hematoma). The reparative phase which includes the formation of a fibrocartilaginous callus first and a bony callus second. And the bone remodeling phase is the last step as the bony callus is remodeled.
Chapter 7: The Axial Skeleton – The Organization of this Subdivision – In Notes
Chapter 8: The Appendicular Skeleton- The Organization of this Subdivision – In Notes
Matching
Chapter 5: Integumentary System – Types of Epidermal Cells & Types of Glands
The epidermis contains four major types of cells. Keratinocytes – produce keratin- a tough fibrous cartilage that provides protection. Melanocytes- produce the pigment melanin. Intraepidermal macrophages – are involved in the immune responses. Tactile epithelial cells- function in the sensation of touch. The skin contains 4 types of glands. Sebaceous (oil) glands- are connected to hair follicles. Errocrine sweat glands- are the most numerous (heat/thermal regulation). Apocrine sweat glands – are located mainly in hairy skin (puberty, sex foreplay) – white mucus. Ceruminous glands- are modified sweat glands located in the ear canal.
Chapter 7: The Axial Skeleton – Surface Markings In Notes (Chart)
Order of Events
Chapter 6: Bone Tissue – Bone Formation
Ossification
Formation of ossification center – osteoblasts secrete extracellular matrix
Calcification – calcium & minerals deposited to harden
Formation of trabeculae – spongy tissue
Development of the periosteum – mesenchyme & compact bone formation
Chapter 5: Integumentary System
Functions of This System
Maintains the body’s integrity
Maintains temperature
Converts inactive vitamin D to its active form
Provides sensory information
Maintains homeostasis
Know the 3 Major levels of the Skin and the Components Found in Each
The outer is called the epidermis (stratified squamous epithelium) which contains 4 major cell types (keratinocytes, melanocytes, intraepidermal macrophages, and tactile epithelial cells). It is composed of 4 layers in thin skin, and 5 layers in thick skin. They are deep to superficial (stratum basale – deepest, basement, cell division happening, melanin produced stratum spinosum –keratinocytes push keratin inside to make them hard, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum- cells completely dead- dust). Thin (hairy) skin and thick (hairless) skin. The epidermis develops from the ectoderm. The inner is called the dermis which is composed of connective tissue containing collagen and elastic fibers. It contains 2 regions: the papillary region which lies just below the epidermis (finger + footprints) and the reticular region which consists of dense irregular connective tissue – nerves & sensory. The dermis develops from the mesoderm. The subcutaneous layer is also called the hypodermis, and it attaches the skin to underlying tissues and organs (adipose fat tissue).
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