There is the Great Wall of China, the Berlin Wall, the wall which separates the two sides in Israel, and, of course, the much recent fence int south border which stops the immigrants entering the United States of America. In both, Charles Bowden’s essay “Our Wall” and The New York Times’ article “The Walls In Our Heads”, demonstrate facts about the mentioned walls around the world and how these previous walls have failed miserably in the quest to either keeping people or things in, or for keeping them out. In considering the symbolism and the emotional impact of walls as boundaries, these compositions cause readers to look not just at the immediate wall at the US/Mexico border, but at walls through history and time. For example, Bowden writes, “Walls are curious statements of human needs. Sometimes they are built to keep restive populations from fleeing.. but most walls are for keeping people out” (352). Here he compares the wall being constructed on the Mexican-United States border to the Great Wall of China because its main purpose was to keep the immigrants from entering the United States. Likewise Vanderbilt illustrates the ineffectiveness of the Berlin, “the wall was largely an effort to stanch the flow of people out of East Germany seeking better economic opportunity”