Chemistry final Essay

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Chemistry Exam Semester 1
Study online at quizlet.com/_255v8
1.

acetate

C₂H₃O₂⁻

26.

chemical formula

shows the kinds and number of atoms in the smallest representative unit of a substance

2.

ACETIC ACID

CH3COOH

3.

ACETONE

CH3COCH3

4.

alloys

mixtures of two or more elements, at least one of which is metal

27.

chemistry

the study of the composition of matter & the changes it undergoes

5.

Alpha (∝)

+2 charge

6.

AMMONIA

NH3

28.

chloride

Cl-

analytical chemistry focuses on the composition of matter

29.

ClO3-

Chlorate

30.

CO3 (2-)

carbonate

8.

Anion

negatively charged atom

Compared with the electronegativities of the elements on the left side of a period, the electronegativities of the elements on the right side of the same period tend to be...

Higher.

9.

applied chmiestry

chemistry applied for the purpose of finding an answer to a specific question

these are made up of closely packed cations instead of neutral ions

metals

11.

Atom

composed of electrons, protons, and neutrons 32.

conceptual

a type of problem that is not numeric; analyze & evaluate 12.

Atom

smallest particle of an element that retains the chemical properties of that element 33.

Dalton

English chemist and physicist who formulated atomic theory

13.

Atomic Number

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.

34.

Dalton's atomic theory #1

An element is composed of tiny particles called atoms.

14.

BENZENE

C6H6

35.

Dalton's atomic theory #1

atoms are tiny and indivisible 15.

Beta (ß)

identical in their properties to electrons

16.

biochemistry

chemistry that studies processes inside living organisms

36.

Dalton's atomic theory #2

atoms of the same element are identical

17.

biotechnology

technology applies science to biological products & can be used in techniques to alter the DNA of living organisms
(usually for positive purposes)

37.

Dalton's atomic theory #2

18.

bromide

Br-

19.

BUTANE

C4H12

In a chemical reaction, atoms move from one substance to another, but no atom of any element disappears or is changed into and atom of another element. C2H3O2-

acetate

38.

20.

Dalton's atomic theory #3

CARBON
DIOXIDE

CO2

different atoms can physically mix or chemically combine to form compounds

CARBON
MONOXIDE

CO

39.

Dalton's atomic theory #3

23.

carbonate

CO₃²-

Compounds are formed when atoms of two or more elements combine.

cathode ray

a glowing beam that forms from 2 opposite charges and can be deflected by a magnet

40.

24.

Dalton's atomic theory #4

25.

Cation

positively charged atom

chemical reactions involve separation, joining, or rearrange of atoms; however, an atom of an element will never change into the atom of a different element 7.

10.

21.

22.

31.

Democritus

decided that atoms were indivisible and indestructible How man valence electrons does an iodine atom have?

7

DIETHYL
ETHER

CH3CH2OCH2CH3

How many covalent bonds are in a covalently bonded molecule containing 1 phosphorus atom and 3 chlorine atoms?

3

43.

Electron

negatively charged atom

44.

electrons

particles in an atom which are negatively charged; 1/1840 the mass of a proton

63.

How many electrons are shared in a double covalent bond?

4

element

a type of matter that is in its simplest form
& contains a unique form & properties

64.

How many electrons are shared in a single covalent bond?

2

Ernest
Rutherford

in England, but from New Zealand, this man worked with alpha (double positive) particles; proposed that the atom is mostly empty space, because the alphas usually passed through gold without deflection

How many
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