Lab 1
SAFETY, EQUIPMENT , AND THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD Name: Sloan Sonksen
1. A student enters their laboratory setting and is getting ready to set up.
What preparations should be made? (16 points)
Disinfect tabletop with 10% bleach solution, no open beverages or food must be around, put on the goggles, and tie hair back.
2. A student spills chemicals on his or her skin. Explain the procedure that should be followed. (16 points)
It’s important to rinse any spills on the skin immediately with continuously running water and soap. I need to notify the instructor of the situation as well.
3. List three things than one can do to protect oneself from contamination/injury in the laboratory. (24 points)
1. Wear goggles.
2. Tie hair back.
3. Disinfect table top with 10% bleach solution before each lab.
4. Describe the equipment and explain the function of each of the following: (24 points)
a. graduated cylinder- Tall, slender container used to accurately measure the volume of liquids. The measurement marks on the side of the graduated cylinder are more precise than a beaker or flask. It’s important to read the bottom of the column of liquid called the meniscus and the measurement is in milliliters.
b.beaker- Round container with a pouring indentation that is used for holding various kinds of liquids. It’s not used for precise volume measurements and is in milliliters.
c.pipette- Narrow, straw-like container used to deliver fluids drop- by-drop or to measure precise volume and are generally used only for the transfer of fluids.
5. Describe how to properly ignite and adjust a Bunsen burner. (20
points)
1. Put on safety goggles.
2. Tie back hair and any loose clothing.
3. Check the top of the burner to make sure it does not have any chemical residue.
4. Make sure the rubber tubing is secure on the end of the gas intake of the burner, and that it is secured to the gas valve at your lab station.
5. Light a match and hold it away from the burner while you turn it on. Then slowly bring the match to the top of the burner until it ignites.
6. To adjust the flame, you can use the air intake valve (located at the base of the burner).
7. The ideal flame is blue, is very difficult to see, and is about 1-1½ inches tall. There should be an inner dark blue core surrounded by an outer blue that is much lighter in color.
Adjusting:
1. If the flame is yellow, I need to adjust the amount of air being released into the burner using the air intake valve.
2. If the flame is producing smoke, I need to adjust the amount of air being released into the burner using the air intake valve.
3. If the flame appears to be too large, slowly turn down the gas.
4. If it appears that your flame is “floating” above the burner (i.e., a gap exists between the burner and the flame), slowly turn down the gas.
5. If, at any point, the flame extinguishes, turn off the gas, wait about a minute, and then restart the procedure.
6. Describe the hottest part of the flame. (10 points)
The hottest part of the flame is directly between the tip of the outer flame and the tip of the inner cone at approximately 1560 degrees Celsius.
7. List and describe the steps of the scientific method. (20 points)
1. Observation: The first step of the scientific method is observation. By seeing something intriguing or interesting in the environment or by merely wondering about something (sometimes referred to as armchair science), an interest is generated which becomes the basis for the experiment.
2. Hypothesis: The second step is stating the hypothesis. A hypothesis is a simple statement of expected outcome. It’s an educated guess based upon a literature search of the topic and must be stated in measurable terms that relate directly to the experiment.
3. Experiment: The third step is the experiment. Two groups of subjects are used in the experiment, which are identical in all possible ways (same size, age, species, health, etc). One group becomes the
