Notes: Newcastle Upon Tyne: Pear Tree Books

Submitted By qsdxl168
Words: 4670
Pages: 19
Open Document
How to reference
These Harvard-based guidelines are generic and are meant to supplement, not replace, the guidelines given to you for your programme, which are usually provided in your module handbooks. Some subjects make these guidelines available on the portal. You are advised to follow your module/programme instructions exactly for citing and referencing sources, and use this guide for further information only. For further information on a wide variety of sources, consult Pears, R. and Shields, G. (2008) Cite them right: the essential referencing guide. Newcastle upon Tyne: Pear Tree Books.

Contents:

1. In-text references / citations This means how to put references in the body of your assignment, and this section includes the following cases: 1. A typical reference - what to include and what not to 2. Incorporating others’ material - words and expressions to use 3. Author's name occurs naturally in the sentence 4. Author’s name does not occur naturally 5. Page numbers - when to use them 6. More than one cited document by the same author(s) in the same year 7. Two authors of one work 8. More than two authors of one work 9. Dictionaries, encyclopaedias or other collaborative works with several authors 10. No originator 11. Newspaper where no author is given 12. Corporate authors or organisations where no individual’s name is indicated 13. Year of publication unknown 14. Secondary sources (one author referred to in another’s text) 15. Different authors saying the same thing 16. Author in an edited book 17. Diagrams, photos, charts, maps and other illustrations 18. Unsure whether to cite or not? 19. How many references should there be? 20. Compare, comment and critique

2. Reference list or bibliography This means how to make a reference list or bibliography (this section describes the difference between the two) at the end of your assignment for the following types of sources:

1. The difference between a reference list and bibliography 2. How to make a reference list 1. Books (several authors, edited books, chapters, editions, same author and year, theses and dissertations) 2. Journal Articles (periodicals, printed, electronic and online) 3. Downloaded articles 4. Web pages 5. Conference papers 6. Newspapers 7. Film and television programmes 8. Interviews 9. No obvious author, publisher, date or place, inc. Government publications

NB for types of source not listed here, please refer to Pears, R. and Shields, G. (2008) Cite them right: the essential referencing guide. Newcastle upon Tyne: Pear Tree Books

1. In-text references / citations How to put references in the body of your assignment

1. A typical in-text reference in an author/date (Harvard type) system might look like the one below. Note that the full stop comes after the reference to include it in the sentence to which it refers: One of the most problematic aspects of environmental policy-making is said to be that of persuading big actors of its apparent importance (McDonald, 2006). However… When you are putting references into the body of your assignment, whatever type of source you use (book, newspaper article, journal article, website etc.), the basic principle is the same in Harvard styles of referencing: you just need to include the author’s surname and the year of publication. Do not include too much information in the in-text reference: the web address, publisher, title etc. are not necessary and are distracting, unless they occur naturally in the sentence to help give it meaning - for example: In Poole’s article on ‘Why the polar icecaps are melting’ (2006), the biggest cause is cited as
Show More

Related Documents: Notes: Newcastle Upon Tyne: Pear Tree Books

Citation and Reference List Essay

General Introduction 1.1 Explanation of citation and referencing Citation and reference are often used to mean the same thing. To cite is to point to evidence, authority or proof. To cite correctly you need to collect and assemble details of your information source, and note this in your text. There are two main methods of citing (author-date and numeric, sometimes known as footnote / endnote) although there are many individual variations, or styles. At Liverpool Hope we utilise the author-date…

Words 1867 - Pages 8

Essay on Harvard: Citation and Reference List

Harvard UWS Referencing Style Guide Overview         Referencing Intellectual honesty and plagiarism About the Harvard UWS style In-text citation: Referencing sources within the text Reference list Electronic items Referencing secondary sources Different works of the same author and same year Books, book chapters and brochures           Single author Two or three authors        Acts of Parliament (includes bills)…

Words 4431 - Pages 18

Essay about Information

PC Instructions for Using the Harvard Referencing Tool and Creating a Bibliography 1. A citation is when you state a fact, opinion or information such as data in your work and you acknowledge the source of that information. 2. There are two main systems of referencing, the footnoting system and the Harvard system. Using footnotes you put a number in the text and then at the bottom of the page the same number with the information about the source. In the Harvard system you put the name…

Words 636 - Pages 3

citation guide Essay

in-text citations) 3) References (list of sources cited in essay) *Follow formatting guidelines as shown below* Title Page Running head: SHORT TITLE 1 Body of Essay SHORT TITLE Full Title of Essay Full Title of Essay Your Name Sheridan College 2 Begin with an introduction to the topic that outlines the significance of the problem you would like to address. Heading Be conscious of word choice, voice, bias, grammar, spelling, consistency of tense, and proper citation guidelines…

Words 1374 - Pages 6

business plan Essay

paper, newspaper, website etc.), you must show in the text of your assignment, where the material has come from by using an in-text citation • You must also provide a reference list at the end of your work, providing full details of all the sources you have cited in your work, presented alphabetically by author or editor. Why provide citations and references? • Citing and referencing allows you to acknowledge the work of others AND to demonstrate that: • You have gathered evidence…

Words 5243 - Pages 21

Essay on Mister: Typography and John Quincy Adams

spaced – indented paragraphs, left aligned. This is the body of the paper …………. Typically title and reference pages are not included in page counts for submission of an assignment. Left aligned headings (optional) Headings help divide information, and provide a more uniform look to your paper. At least one paragraph should be included under each heading. Quotes Remember to reference all information! Use block quotes for a large amount of quoted information: John Quincy Adams (July 11…

Words 1239 - Pages 5

15701 Harvard Style WebFINAL Essay

Reference with confidence: The Harvard style Reference with confidence The Harvard style (2012 Edition) As used in: Archaeology Biochemistry (as well as Vancouver) Biology (as well as Vancouver) Economics Environment Health Sciences Hull York Medical School (as well as Vancouver) Language and Linguistic Science Philosophy (as well as MLA) Politics Social Policy and Social Work Sociology Theatre, Film and Television York Management School 1 Contents Using this guide________________________________________…

Words 2245 - Pages 9

Essay 01 APA referencing Guide 3

APA style of referencing Citations in the text of your essay / report / dissertation, etc: APA uses the author-date method of citation (The last name of the author and the date of publication). When providing in-text citations for summaries and paraphrases give the author and year. When quoting particular words or sentences and when summarising / paraphrasing a particular passage, include the specific page as well. When quoting in your paper, if a direct quote is less than 40 words, incorporate…

Words 1175 - Pages 5

Apa Summary Essay

paper which includes in-text citation and the references list. The main parts of the paper contain the title page, an abstract, the body of the paper and the references list. The writer have to include the correct APA format in the paper such as double- space the entire paper, set one inch margin all around the page and using 12pt. Times New Roman font for the general format. There will be a few more different steps for the cover page, an abstract and the references list. The important setting that…

Words 345 - Pages 2

Essay on jos struggle in life

you must include a citation to show where the quote came from. In addition, you must include a full reference to the original work. You can see the student's references at the bottom of the example above. Paraphrased ideas Common knowledge You do not need to quote information which is common knowledge e.g. Everest is the highest mountain in the world. It can seem hard to judge which information is common knowledge. If you are unsure, it may be best to provide a reference. You could try checking…

Words 474 - Pages 2