Of course, the problem of immigrants did not emerge overnight. The U.S. has, at various points in its history, led the world in the breadth of its extension of full citizenship rights, and the past 100 years have seen dramatic expansion in the numbers and kinds of people who have access to those rights. Establishing legal foundations for social progress, the Immigration Act of 1924 “[unfolded] over the next several decades and processes that have been called ‘becoming American’ (or more precisely…
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Furthermore, Gutierrez Najera, Castellanos, and Aldama further note that by engendering indigenist into a mainstream culture, states such as the U.S., have stripped their native roots and assimilated them towards modern society (Gutierrez Najera, Castellanos, and Aldama). Published in 1986, Michael Omi and Howard Winant’s “Racial Formation in United States”, highlights the transition of the United States indigenist assimilation from the “black-white” binary theory towards the “Latin Americanization”…
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immigration increased, and it was not the same free, white, protestant crowd that was previously trying to gain citizenship. During this time, which groups of people could be qualified as white, therefore being an “insider”, and which people did not, therefore considered an “outsider” came into question with people of Italian, Russian, Greek, Irish, Jewish, and Slovakian descent trying to gain citizenship. During the year 1975, the Page Act was implemented, and aimed to limit the immigration of people who…
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group in society, holding greater power and opportunity, and being perceived as conventional in the United States. As a result, whiteness is often taken for granted and rarely questioned. To exemplify, Wise illustrates how systemic white privilege and racial bias are ingrained in U.S. foundations, citing the Naturalization Act of 1790 as an example. This act granted citizenship solely to free white people, excluding black people, immigrants of color, and indigenous Native Americans, demonstrating the…
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Black Counter Narrative and The Public Secret in Critical Race Theory Kate S Kelley University of Missouri (1999) Abstract This essay examines the use of counter narrative in Critical Race Theory and its exposure of racism in the United States as a public secret. Anthropologist Michael Taussig (1999) points out that the core of secrecy is power; thus the core of public power is the public secret. The power inherent in the idea of a secret is that it is privileged knowledge that should…
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Race has always been a significant sociological theme, from the founding of the field and the formulation of the "classical" theoretical statements to the present. “Race” is a word like many words; it has a variety of meanings. Some of these occur frequently in everyday life, as we talk about “the human race” or about American “race relations”. Since the 19th century, sociological perspectives on race have developed and changed, always reflecting shifts in large-scale political processes. In the…
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The corresponding readings for this week shared the common theme of understanding collective identity and assimilation of minority groups into the American Culture. Author, Laura Enriquez, defines collective identity as “ an individual’s cognitive, moral, and emotional connection with a broader community.” In Enriquez reading, she analyses the Dream Act and the coalition building behind such movement that has created a collective identity that seeks to assimilate immigrant youth to the American education…
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times in the aftermath of 911, in the chapter written by Suad Joseph and Benjamin D’harlingue. After 9/11 contradictions in the practices of citizenship in the U.S came forth with Arab Americans and Muslim Americans became the most visible site of these contradictions. Tensions in the constitution of the body politic were projected onto the U.S citizenship of Arab Americans and Muslim Americans, as the war on terrorism took the appearance of a war on “Muslim “terrorism.” While the violent Muslim…
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experiences of second-generation youth. These younger generations struggle with their social identity and belonging and have been portrayed as “ill-defined partial membership” or “semi-citizenship”. This author states that it is essential to discern how groups of second-generation youth understand and experience citizenship and their sense of belonging. This article is useful to research because it takes into account the perspective of second-generation youth who navigate through life with the struggle…
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Mulatto is a self-reflective play by Langston Hughes that explores themes such as racism, wedlock, interraciality, and filial bonds. Hughes achieves a multilayered complex work mainly through the conflicting characters of Robert, Sallie and Colonel Norwood; a biracial brother and sister, and a white slaveowner who fathers them both, respectively. Langston Hughes uses internal conflict and contrast in Colonel Norwood, Robert, and Sallie Mae as a way of illustrating and demonstrating the external…
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