Jim Crow laws were passed and Black Codes were designed to keep African Americans in conditions very close to the previous servitude. Eventually, racial segregation took hold, and in 1896 the landmark Supreme Court case of Plessy v. Ferguson established the Separate But Equal Doctrine. This stated that so long as the facilities provided for each race were equal, they were legal. Thus, legal segregation would be the norm for at least the next fifty years. Plessy v. Ferguson was eventually overturned in 1954 in the Brown v. Board case in which the Supreme Court decided that all public schools were to integrate as quickly as possible. Then, Rosa Parks refused to move to the back of the bus to