Between 1945 and 1975 various groups in the U.S. engaged in protest. Analyze the reasons that protest emerged in this period for
TWO of these groups
African Americans
Double V, limits on GI Bill 8891 removes armed service segregation 1947 1954 brown vs board of edu. reemergence of Ku Klux Klan and White Citizens Councils Montgomery Bus Boycotts, Rosa Parks MLKSouthern Christian st Little rock 101 airborne 1957 civil rights act 1960Greensboro, N. C.; segregated lunch counters; sitins Student NonViolent Coordinating Committee organized 1963March on Washington, MLK’s “I have a Dream Speech” 1964 Civil Rights Act 1965Voting Rights Act of 1965; Twentyfourth Amendment (banned poll tax) 1966Black Panthers: militant group 1968MLK, Jr. assassinated; led to rioting in 60 cities; conservative backlash
College Students
19401950: Increase in college enrollments from GI Bill,
National Defense Education Act 1950sJames Dean, Rebel Without a Cause 1960Students for a Democratic Society (SDS), Port Huron Statement, Tom Hayden 1963Princeton Spring Riot AntiVietnam War Movement Mario Savio and Free Speech Movement at University of California, Berkeley Passage of Civil Rights Bill, Voting Rights Act shifts the focus of student protest toward antiwar movement First teachin, University of Michigan Escalating protests (antiROTC; burning draft cards) 1967March on Pentagon 1968Chicago Riots; Chicago 7 Trial 1969“Days of Rage” in Chicago 1971Twentysixth Amendment grants 18yearolds the right to vote 1973Ceasefire in Vietnam End of draft Last troops officially in Vietnam
Latino Americans
Second World War events: bracero; Zoot Suit Riots; barrio culture 1948“Operation Bootstrap” led to rise in Puerto Rican migration 1954Hernandez v. Texas: Mexican Americans have Fourteenth Amendment rights; Eisenhower's “Operation Wetback”
Discrimination, low wages, harsh working, conditions for
Chicano workers United Farm Workers (UFW) grape boycott1965 1968Formation of Mexican American Legal Defense and Education Fund Crusade for Justice: Rodolfo "Corky" Gonzáles (Chicano Pride)