Another reason why the “quality of a teacher’s practice is the key ingredient” to a successful conversation to a difficult topic is because if the teacher does not prepare or make the students excited about the topic, the students will not engaged. For example, the debate would have been more beneficial to the students if they had “learned about the issue before the day if the vote” (Hess, 2009). Furthermore, if the teacher discussed what the referendum was, then the students would have had a better understanding of referendum and its argument. The second major argument from Hess reading was that whether or not teachers should be required to use the “pedagogical approach.” This approach would force the students to speak in controversial topics. Applying the pedagogical approach, “students can learn deep content and important discussions skills” (Hess, 2009). Teachers need to practice these skills with their students, because having an educated conversation takes practices. Some ways to practice talking are, Socratic Seminars, public issues discussions,