Coral Mass Lab

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Acidity and the Effect on Coral Mass

Composed by Abby LaRussa, Alice Chan, and Anna Chavolla-Ramirez.

AP Environmental Science Ms. Susens Apr 29, 2024 Group Members: Alice Chan, Abby LaRussa, Anna Chavolla Date of Lab Completion: 4/29/2024.

Acidity and the Effect on Coral Mass Background Ocean acidification refers to the reduction in pH of the ocean over an extended period of time. The reduction in pH is caused by a series of events starting from the increased emission and accumulation of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere because of the increased greenhouse gas emissions. As the carbon dioxide levels increase, the ocean’s absorption of carbon dioxide increases through direct exchange. The carbon dioxide in the ocean combines …show more content…
Forthcoming, the pH of different combinations of solutions were tested by submerging pH papers into the varying solutions, and matching the color to the color guide that depicted different pH levels to find the best concentration ratio that would result in the most array of changes. One of the original concentrations included a 25% vinegar solution, but it provided a very similar pH to the 50%. After multiple trials of different concentrations, it was decided to have experimental groups of 0% vinegar (100% H20), 5% vinegar, 50% vinegar, and 100% vinegar solutions. These percentages total 40 ml of solution. With these variables, an experiment was set up with 4 grams of crushed coral in 4 separate paper cups. Each cup was then labeled with the percentage of vinegar and filled with the corresponding solution. After filling the cups, pH levels of each cup were measured by carefully using forceps to pick up pH papers and dipping them separately into the solution. If any of the pH levels were on the outliers of the paper, more specific pH papers that had smaller ranges closer to the previous range were utilized to verify for any outlying pH samples. Following this test, the pH levels for each sample were recorded and the cups were left to sit for 4 days covered with plastic wrap to prevent excessive evaporation. …show more content…
In examination of the data table and graph above that depict pH levels and the final mass of the coral, there is convincing evidence that as the pH level decreases, the final mass of the coral decreases. In comparison of the sample with 0% vinegar with a pH of 6.0, and the sample with 100% vinegar with a pH of 2.5, the change in mass resulted in 4.55 grams and 3.32 grams, respectively. As depicted in the graph with connection between pH level and effect on the mass of coral, the line demonstrates a relatively linear and positive relationship as the final mass was higher for samples with higher a higher pH, with the exception of the 0% vinegar control sample as it demonstrated a very positive exponential skew from the linear regression. These experimental results were influenced by the pH, as lower pH levels result in higher acidity. Moreover, the introduction of acids breaks down structures, especially the dissolution of the calcium carbonate structures of coral. That being said, the data collected encompasses this process as the samples with a higher vinegar concentration and lower pH levels resulted in much lower final mass in comparison to the samples with lower vinegar concentration and higher pH levels. The higher acidity levels led to increased dissolution, while the lower acidity had a lesser breakdown of the structure,
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