Essay on Cortices: Brain and Cortex Transverse / Axial

The cortex

Transverse/ Axial

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Visible human project (Transverse sections)

Coronal Sections

The nervous system
• Central nervous system
– Brain & spinal cord (shown)

• Peripheral nervous system
– Spinal nerves (shown) – Facial nerves – Autonomic nervous system

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4 lobes of the neocortex
Lateral view
1. Red=frontal
– Planning and executive functions Sensory integration and comprehending space Memory and language Vision

2. Blue = parietal
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Medial sagittal view

3. Green = temporal
– –

4. Yellow = occipital • Purple = Cingulate cortex
– Part of the limbic system – Emotions

http://www.colorado.edu/intphys/Class/IPHY3730/image/figure5i.jpg

Comparative neuroanatomy
1.4kg

1.6kg 2g

420g

90g

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Relationship between structure and function in the CNS: A Mole’s brain
Missing the occipital cortex (vision)

A large temporal cortex (audition)

Sensorimotor organisation of the neocortex

The cortex is divided into two hemispheres

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The hemispheres communicate via the corpus callosum

Fixate on the cross

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On a piece of paper, draw a picture of what you saw with your left hand.
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZMLzP1VCANo

What would a person with a severed corpus callosum say they saw?
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The left and right visual fields are processed separately by the left and right hemispheres

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Language is usually localised to the left hemisphere

http://www.colorado.edu/intphys/Class/IPHY3730/image/figure5i.jpg

Cortical activation during reading. The subject was asked to read a word and decide whether the object was more than a foot long.

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What would a person with a severed corpus callosum draw with their left hand?
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The right side of the brain controls the left side of the body (And the right hemisphere receives somatosensory input from the left side of the body)

Frontal lobes.

Lateral prefrontal cortex

Orbitofrontal cortex Anterior Cingulate Cortex Medial prefrontal cortex

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Lobotomies
• Early evidence showed that monkeys showed a massive decrease in aggression if they had lobotomies. • Early forms of lobotomies were performed by Portuguese neurosurgeon Antonio Moniz on untreatable schizophrenics. • This procedure was refined

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