De Laval Nozzle

As the technology industry had been tremendously growing for the past century, the technology availability and readiness had made it possible to design more complex and more reliable design to achieve nozzle maximum performance. In aerospace industry particularly, the types of nozzle that are currently either being tested or certified or had been commercially used are convergent-divergent nozzle, aerospike or plug nozzle, bell-shaped nozzle, and cone nozzle.
The earliest design of nozzle in aerospace is cone nozzle. Cone nozzle has shape of cone being cut at the pointed end while the wall diverges at constant rate. Conical nozzle is used in early rocket application because of the convenience in manufacturing as well as low cost production. …show more content…
Convergent-divergent nozzle is presently adapted in rocket launching technology as part of the propulsion system due to its ability to produce supersonic speed. Convergent-divergent is also called De-Laval nozzle, taking after the inventor Carl G.P. de Laval. De Laval nozzle has converging area up to throat part and diverge down the stream until the nozzle part. The flow of air at throat is subsonic but down the stream, the air run at supersonic speed due to the increasing area. the engineers take advantage over the ability of the de Laval nozzle to shoot the rocket into the outer space with the supersonic speed to reach the velocity needed to overcome the Earth gravity …show more content…
In 2000, a research had been conducted by Industria de Turbo Propulsores(ITP) on the pros and cons as well as the working principle of the thrust vectoring nozzle for military purpose. The research was initially conducted to design a nozzle that fits and compatible with EJ200 which powers European Fighter Aircraft EF2000 and replaced the conventional design which is a variable-geometry convergent-divergent nozzle. Thrust vectoring nozzle is used in generating side thrust for maneuver control and as a means of flight. It is controlled by four independent hydraulic actuators, each one with its own servovalve and position transducer. The reaction bars of the ITP nozzle allow for high deflection angles, without the risk of disengagement or petal overlapping. There are several types of thrust vectoring nozzle which are 2-D (or single-axis or Pitch only) thrust vectoring nozzle and 3-D (or multi-axis or Pitch and Yaw) thrust vectoring nozzle. The design used in this research is the 3-D type thrust vectoring nozzle in which the method used to deflect the gas is the most efficient one where the divergent section is mechanically deflected so as to minimize the effect on the engine upstream of the throat section. This type of nozzle also is equipped with the ability of variable geometry where the exit area can

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