BIOLOGY
AND
MICROBIOLOGY
FOR THE
DENTAL ASSISTANT
Sunday, 8 September, 13
Infection Control
Was
a difficult discipline for dental professionals Newest of all disciplines
Sterilization traditionally meant cleaning and soaking
Only taken seriously within last 15 years
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Why Has It Taken So Long to Deal With
Infection Control?
Deal with hidden diseases
Hepatitis B (carrier state)
HIV
Years before it was realized that infectious diseases could be transmitted through dental procedures
Event that changed it all was one that demonstrated dentistry could be a target for transmission of deadly microbes…HIV
2 things happened
DDS in Florida accused of infecting patients with
HIV
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BIOL 1045
Look
at Infection Control Procedures in the dental setting
Identify protective measures to prevent disease transmission
Select appropriate sterilization and disinfection techniques
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Describe
the general classification and characteristics of microorganisms
Look
at infectious diseases, particularly those relevant in a dental health care setting. Sunday, 8 September, 13
Course
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Outline
What
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if Saliva Were red?
The 4 Factors in the Chain of
Infection
PATHOGEN
PROPER PORTAL
OF
ENTRY
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#
OF
PATHOGEN
SUSCEPTIBLE
HOST
The 4 Factors in the Chain of Infection
1.
2.
3.
4.
Pathogen
Portal of entry
Susceptible Host
Sufficient numbers of the pathogen to cause infection
But what do these words mean???
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Chain of Infection-Definitions
Pathogen
What are pathogens?
• They are diseaseproducing microorganisms or germs
Bacteria, viruses, fungi, etc.
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Chain of Infection-Definitions
Portal of entry
The “doorway into the host” The flu virus likes the respiratory system
(lungs)
E. coli likes the digestive system
(mouth is the portal of entry) Sunday, 8 September, 13
Chain of Infection-Definitions
Susceptible host
You need the right host for the microorganism • Pig cholera only affects pigs
• Bird flu affects birds
• A stressed human is more susceptible to infections because stress lowers the immune system!! Sunday, 8 September, 13
Chain of Infection-Definitions
Sufficient numbers to cause disease.
A potent or virulent virus like SARS only requires one virus to cause infection
A less virulent
(weaker) cold virus requires millions of viruses to make you sick Sunday, 8 September, 13
The 4 Factors in the Chain of
Infection
PATHOGEN
PROPER PORTAL
OF
ENTRY
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#
OF
PATHOGEN
SUSCEPTIBLE
HOST
Why is this important?
Everyone
is at risk of getting an infection.
However, if you eliminate one of the links in the chain of infection… you eliminate the infection
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Infection control will control the spread of disease by performing specific procedures
PATHOGEN
#
OF
PATHOGEN
Focus on hand hygiene PROPER PORTAL
OF
ENTRY
Sunday, 8 September, 13
SUSCEPTIBLE
HOST
We
eliminate or reduce the number of potential disease causing pathogens so normal body defenses can deal with preventing diseases from occurring in the host. The best practice to achieve this is by performing hand hygiene.
What
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is hand hygiene?
What is Hand Hygiene?
Hand hygiene can be:
Hand washing
Washing hands with plain soap and water
Antiseptic hand wash
Washing hands with water and soap or other detergents containing an antiseptic or antibacterial agent
Hand sanitizing with an alcohol-based hand rub
Rubbing hands with an