together to perform a common function 1.3.8. Organ – two or more types of tissue that together perform a specific task 1.3.9. Organ system – multiple organs working together to accomplish a vital body function 1.3.10. Humans vs. Plants – photosynthesis, cell walls 1.3.11. Humans vs. Fungi – absorption, we digest 1.3.12. Humans are animals- eukaryotic cells without cell walls, multicellular, ingestive heterotrophs, locomotion: muscles and nerves, diploid body, haploid gametes, development is determinate:…
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HUMAN DIVERSITY Chapter 4 I. Genetics/”life codes”: Codes in your genes run everything a. Gene/nucleotides/AGCT. Genes are made up of base pairs of nucleotides Nucleotides are proteins - always paired together The first base pair is Adenosine-Guanine / The second base pair is Cytokine- Thymine Therefore a gene may be made up of 3k or 4k of these base pairs, which equals one gene. b. Chromosomes/DNA. 46 Chromosomes in every cell except sperm and egg (sperm = 23 ; egg=23) Chromosomes…
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Animal Diversity The definition of Cephalization is the development of the head. Paedomorphsis and cephalization It is the tendency for sensory, neural, and feeding organs to be concentrated at the front end of the body, leading to the development of a head during both evolution and embryological development. It is considered an evolutionary trend whereby nervous tissue, over many generations, becomes concentrated toward one end of the organism. This process eventually produces a head region…
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America that you would only see in another foreign country. This also helps scientist understand evolution of animals and plants better. Evolution is the “Genetic change in a species overtime resulting in the development of genetic and phenotypic differences that are the basis of natural selection; descent of organisms from a common ancestor”.(Mader,Windelspecht,2012). Continental drift affected the evolution of animals, plants and the climate.…
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about 15 trillion cells make up a single adult human * about 180 thousand+ years ago was the first Homo sapiens to appear on earth * cell theory all cells come from preexisting cells theory of natural selection a hypotheses is not a theory but it is an explanation hypotheses how did life begin? (theory/belief life is spontaneously generated) has not been proven so today we can state a fact that life is not spontaneously generated. a few centuries ago: people thought that new living…
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Rejection of biological racism Unilineal evolution of humanity Tylor’s legacy Culture and its properties. Concept of cultural survivals (as proofs of historical evolution). Would you agree with this view that religion is a survival in our society? Based on the film Cannibal Tours, which of these three Tylor’s contributions have had the most lasting effect on popular explanations of cultural diversity? Do you think racism is such survival from the…
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& nation-state a. transforms identity i. sentimental attachment to homeland ii. sense of identity, self-esteem based on nationalism iii. motivation to help country ? What are ‘markers’ of nationhood, or identifying characteristics II. Evolution of Nationalism A. Rise of nationalism 1. Development of secular monarchs 2. Creation of nationalistic popular culture 3. Concept of popular sovereignty; England to US, French revolutions B. Predicted Decline after WWII 1. Experience w/destructive…
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Cell The fundamental unit of life is the cell. CHAPTER OUTLINE/CORE CONCEPTS 1.4 Evolution Evolution explains the features that organisms share and those that set them apart. 1.5 Ecological Systems Organisms interact with one another and with their physical environment, shaping ecological systems that sustain life. 1.6 The Human Footprint In the 21st century, humans have become major agents in ecology and evolution. Chapter 1 Introduction Biology: The science of how life works; a natural science…
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animals by level of development (lowest forms at bottom, humans near the top) When Darwin starts to refuse these “truth” Pre-Darwinian Roots (17th-18th centuries) Three schools of thought 1. Aristotelians: (their thought) a. Distinguished human soul (vs. animals which do not have souls) b. Humans are rational and use logical reasoning c. Animals are guided by sensory perception 2. Cartesians (Based on Descartes) a. Shared Descartes concept of Mind-body Dualism i. Maintained that humans are unique from…
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Hierarchy Organization 1. Molecule 2. Organelle 3. Cell 4. Organ 5. Organ System 6. Organism 7. Population 8. Community 9. Ecosystem 10. Biosphere • Prokaryote Vs. Eukaryote Prokaryote 1. First to evolve 2. Much smaller and simpler 3. Bacteria uses it 1. Eukaryote 1. In plants, animals, and fungi 2. Includes organelles…
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