Essay on Dogs: Dog and family Canidae

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dog, carnivorous, domesticated wolf ( Canis lupus familiaris ) of the family Canidae, to which the jackal and fox also belong. The family Canidae is sometimes referred to as the dog family, and its characteristics, e.g., long muzzle, large canine teeth, and long tail, as canine traits. However, the unmodified term dog usually refers only to the domestic subspecies Canis lupus familiaris.
Two characteristics distinguish the dog from other canids and, indeed, from all other animal species. The first is its worldwide distribution in close association with humans, encompassing both hemispheres from the tropics to the Arctic. The second is the enormous amount of variability found within the subspecies. For example, the Irish wolfhound may stand as high as 39 in. (99.1 cm) at the shoulder, while the Chihuahua's shoulder is usually no more than 6 in. (15.2 cm) from the ground; the silky coat of the Yorkshire terrier may be 2 ft (61 cm) long, while a few breeds of dog (such as the Mexican hairless) are entirely without hair. The evolution of such widely differing breeds has been heavily influenced by conscious human selection, in addition to natural evolution.

Dogs have been selectively bred through the centuries for special purposes, notably to pursue and retrieve game, as draft animals, as guides (e.g., for the blind), and as companions. Although dogs possess hearing abilities far superior to humans', their acute sense of smell is probably the sense most utilized. In addition

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domestication of dogs provides an example of how the process takes place. It is speculated that tame wolves selected themselves as dogs over many generations. The wolves were able to live by staying by humans to scavenge for food. That gave them an advantage over shyer animals. After a few generations, a symbiotic relationship formed. Humans learned that the dogs could warn them of approaching danger, provide comfort, and help with hunting. In times of starvation, people likely ate their dogs. That is something…

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