Emily Apter takes translation to the fore as an issue of major political and cultural significance especially after the devastating 9/11 attacks. Her aim is to rethink translation studies from the traditionally defined problems of linguistics and cultural fidelity to the original to a broader theoretical framework that emphasizes the role played by mistranslation in war. She claims that the "terror" of mistranslation has never been fully diagnosed and the increasing turn to machine translation proved to be an absolute failure. The stakes of mistranslation, she asserts, "are deadly" for an error in a machine translation can cause death in a split of a second. According to Apter, "war is the continuation of extreme mistranslation or disagreement
