English 210 Comprehensive Take-Home Final Essay

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Section I. Literacy [Short Answer. (75 Points)]
1) Define phonemic awareness: An understanding about the smallest unit of sound that makes up the speech stream: phonemes or an understanding about spoken language.

2) Define phonics: Knowing the relationships between specific printed letters and specific spoken sounds.

3) What is the importance of phonemic awareness on early reading? Phonemic awareness provides children with the skills to read. Students who lack phonemic awareness have trouble reading later in life.

4) What can teachers do to improve a student’s phonemic awareness? To improve a student’s phonemic awareness, teachers can provide individualized instruction and homework that caters to their specific phonemic awareness issue.

5) What can/should parents do to help develop phonemic awareness in their children? Parents can help develop phonemic awareness in their children by reading rhyming books and nursery rhymes and play games, riddles, and songs.

6) Given that phonemic awareness develops gradually and students enter school with various aspects of phonemic awareness and phonics in place, what could a teacher do to provide individualized instruction? After assessing each child based on their phonemic awareness and phonics abilities, as well as other subjects, the teacher can use centers, which divides the students up into groups based on their phonemic awareness and phonics abilities. Then the teacher and parent assistants can help students in the lower phonemic awareness and phonics levels and the children who don’t need help with phonemic awareness and phonics can move to a table they need to be at. After class the students who are still struggling can get individualized homework.

7) Give a specific example of an activity that would illustrate phonemic awareness, such as finding rhyming words with students with objects in the classroom. Having each student read a Dr. Seuss book and find the rhyming words. Children, who can’t recognize the rhyming words, need help with their phonemic awareness and children who can recognize the rhyming words demonstrate phonemic awareness.

8) When is teaching phonemic awareness most important? (i.e. what ages?) By Kindergarten, children should have been exposed to phonemic awareness. That is why teaching phonemic awareness most important: Infant to End of Kindergarten/ Beginning of First Grade (0-6/7).

9) What is the onset of the word smart? sm_

10) Define word onsets: a beginning of a word or the first part of a syllable up until the vowel.

11) What is the rime of the word smart? art

12) Define word rimes: the second part of a syllable, from the vowel on.

13) What are syllables? a unit of pronunciation having one vowel sound, with or without surrounding consonants, and forming all or part of a word.

14) What does reading comprehension mean? The process of understanding and constructing meaning from a piece of text.

15) What are ways that teachers can help students develop reading comprehension skills? Students can practice prereading, reading, and post-reading activities to improve with their reading comprehension skills.

16) What is the main idea? The main idea is the topic of the paragraph, essay, or other written works.

17) What are supporting points? Supporting points are ideas that support the main idea.

18) What is a concept map? How can it help develop reading comprehension? A concept map is a diagram showing the relationships between concepts, with concepts connected with labelled arrows and the map being read from top to bottom. It can develop reading comprehension, because students learn to connect the main idea and the supporting points by mapping them out.

19) How can concept maps contribute to writing development? Concept maps contribute to writing development by providing framework for writers to help them communicate complex ideas and arguments. In addition, to it being used a prewritnig tool.
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