Eukaryotes Research Paper

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The Significant Appearance of the Eukaryotes
There is much evidence to support the evolution of the eukaryotic cells.
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The Eukaryotic cell is a cell that has an enclosed nucleus, membrane-bound organelles and can be multicellular, saying it can be single-celled or unicellular. Eukaryotes evolved from the bacteria and archaea, which formed the three domains of life (Eukarya, Archaea and Bacteria) that was put forth by Carl Woese, an American microbiologist and physicist. The Archaea domain is most related to Eukaryotes. Before the stating of the hypothesis it was important to identify the differences and similarities between Eukaryotes and, Bacteria and Archaea. The hypothesis that eukaryotes evolved from archaea and bacteria …show more content…
They both are classified as Prokaryotes and in essence are not as complex as the Eukaryotic cell. In protein synthesis the major difference between the prokaryotes and eukaryotes is that in eukaryotic protein synthesis involves more protein components and the steps is more complicated. Examples of these differences are the ribosomes are bigger in eukaryotes and the starting codon is always AUG where in prokaryotes this is not always the case etc. To understand how Eukaryotes evolved from Prokaryotes it is important to note the differences and similarities of Eukaryotes and Archaea [1]. Firstly, both Archaea and Eukaryotes contain nucleosomes/histones, more than one RNA polymerase and the TATA Box binding protein that is absent in Bacteria. Secondly, Bacteria contain the N-formyl methionine protein initiator amino acid whereas Archaea and Eukaryotes contain the methionine protein initiator amino acid. Finally the presence of peptidoglycan in Bacteria and absence of it in the other 2 domains. Now it is also essential to understand the relationship between Bacteria and Eukaryotes. The major resemblance is that they have the similar membrane lipid bonding (unbranched fatty acid chains attached to glycerol by ester linkages). Since Eukaryotes have both similarities with both domains of Prokaryotes it can be shown that Eukaryotes have evolved from the …show more content…
Symbiosis is the mutual beneficial interaction between two different organisms living in close physical association. Studies done on endosymbiosis by mainly Lynn Margulis, shows that mitochondria was a autotrophic bacterium that was engulfed by a eukaryotic cell (host cell) and was kept in the cell as a symbiont. Chloroplast was also engulfed similarly. It is described as a eukaryote with mitochondria that engulfed a photosynthetic cyanobacterium in a symbiotic relationship forming the chloroplast organelle. The host cell that was involved in this theory is also said to have been from the domain, Archaea. It is said that through the endosymbiosis theory the eukaryotic cell had evolved from bacteria and
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