EXAM REVIEW Essay

HRE4M1 EXAM REVIEW 2014
Terms
Agent – the person who makes things happen; free but responsible for their actions
Aristotle
Humans find happiness within community; To be happy is to live well and do well
Human activity aims at achieving the good – happiness
The highest form of happiness is based on rational behaviour – balanced life
Absolute good can only be found in God (found in all things); finding good is finding its purpose
Develop good character by acting virtuously
Apocalyptic – a style of writing that evolved during Israel’s troubled history around the time of Jesus; focused on the end of history and the time of God’s purifying judgment.
Employed frightening imagery of end-of-time wars between good and evil, and of convulsions of nature
Autonomy – free self-direction; understanding that they are independent and interdependent
Canon Law – supreme law of the church that covers all aspects of Church life (teachings, etc.)
Chastity – integration of sexuality with the person; lives in control
Common Good – general wellbeing of all in a society
Communication – meaningful communication is key in a relationship; share feelings, opinions, thoughts, etc.
Exchange of ideas, feelings, or meaning between two or more persons; connects people
Good communication relates to body language, tone of voice, words, listening/negotiation skills
Conscience – an inner voice that tells us to love and do good and avoid evil
Contract – a written or spoken agreement
Covenant – an unconditional promise between two persons; union of Christ and the Church
Discrimination – the unjust treatment of different categories of people
Determinism
Religious – God’s knowledge will have predetermined the course of the world (predestination)
Social – your behaviour is explained by social factors, not by your decisions (ex. Past)
Deontological – to do what is right; acting for duty (Kant)
Empiricism – knowledge comes from experience, or from evidence that can be perceived by the senses
Eschatological – ethics that insists that we can already live what God will realize or reveal at the end; coming of the Kingdom of God (Levinas)
Ethics – code of behaviour that society considers moral and appropriate for guiding relationship with one another
Involves judgments as to good and bad, right and wrong, and what ought to be
Ethnicism – a nation is defined in terms of ethnicity/race, something in common
Exegesis – analyzing texts in their original content; discover the original intent of the author
Fortitude – courage in pain or adversity
Freedom – properly human acts; makes human responsible for acts where they are voluntarily the agent
Our actions are not free, they are the result of brain processes
Possibilities are what make us free
Actions make a mark in the world
Genocide – the systematic killing of a group or society
Hermeneutics – interpreting texts and events to help us understand what they mean for us in the 21st century
“I” and “You” Messages
“I” messages state observation, feelings, thoughts, and wishes; express the speaker’s concern, but they leave the other person free to respond
“You” messages tend to imply negative judgments of the other person; annoy/anger the other person
Identity – who you are; combination of your personality traits, abilities, strengths, weaknesses, interests and values
Informed Conscience – learning what is morally correct through people, experiences, culture
Intention – that which motivates me to act (values)
Judgment – the concrete decision of what I must do in the situation based on my personal perception and grasp of values
Kant
ethics is a manner of one’s inner conviction and autonomy a human act is morally good when it is done for the sake of duty duty is determined by principles moral acts are performed out of duty and obligation
Kohlberg’s Stages – reasons behind an action
Level 1 (Pre-conventional) – focus on the self
Stage 1: Punishment and Obedience; ages 7-11; act to avoid punishment
Stage 2: Personal

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