List the 3 stages of healing. 1. inflammation
2. proliferation
3. maturation/ remodeling
PHASE 1
What are the common names for this phase?
The common names for this phase (inflammation phase) are acute, subacute, and chronic inflammation.
How long does this phase last? Acute phase: This phase last short time; usually it occurs from a few hours to some days.
Subacute phase: It takes places after resolution of the rapid acute inflammation; typically during the first 24 hours after the injury. Chronic phase: This phase represents a persistent period the injury and it can be extended for months and even years.
What are the clinical signs/symptoms of this phase?
For this phase the clinical signs or symptoms are heat, redness, swelling, and…show more content… No. Ligaments can be restored surgically or not surgically; it is determined on the degree of the damage.
What factors affect ligament healing? Blood supply and function. (Last paragraph from page156 of Fundamental Orthopedic Management book.)
Compare intraarticular and extraarticular ligament healing. Intraarticular ligament does not healing naturally; it requires to dissolve hematoma formation at the ends of the damaged ligaments. While extraarticular ligaments enclose a highly structure in heal.
How are the grades of ligament tears determined? Grade I: Microscopic ripping of the ligament which does not produce joint laxity.
Grade II: Ligaments that present a moderate laxity in your fibers.
Grade III: Ligaments with completed rupture in their fibers and a deep instability and laxity.
Should ligaments be immobilized during healing? In some case the immobilization is necessary to encourage the healing, nevertheless the prolonged immobilization produces a counterproductive effect causing adhesion formation etc.
BONE HEALING
Is bone vascularized? Discuss the blood supply of bones. Yes. The skeletal system gets a wide vascular supply from the cardiac output. (Approximately 5% to…show more content… When a bone broke only in one side, while that the other part remains bent, it is called a greenstick fracture.
What is an “impacted” fracture? An impacted fracture take place when a bone ends into the other bone.
What is an “avulsion” fracture? To name an avulsion fracture, the bone damaged has to be close to the tendons and ligaments. Usually in those cases the tendon and ligaments pull into the bone injured.
What is a “compression” fracture? A fracture by compression happen when the bone broke by a compression. It is typically found in the vertebrae.
What are osteoblasts? Osteoblasts belong to one of the three bone cells and build new bone cells called osteoid.
What are osteocytes? Osteocytes are cells inside the bone, actually they are osteoblasts set in into the new cells.
What are osteoclasts? Osteoclasts are a huge multinucleate bone cell that resorb bone tissue.
What is the process, or stages, of bone healing? According to Fundamental Orthopedic Management book page 176, the bone healing stages consists in 6 phases.
1. Inflammation and hematoma formation
2. Chondrocyte formation and angiogenesis
3. Calcification and cartilage
4. Cartilage removal
5. Bone formation
6. Bone
