Introduction to Sociology
Professor Robert Brym
Lecture #14
Families
27 Jan 2010
The Nuclear Family
The nuclear family is composed of a cohabiting man and woman who maintain a socially approved sexual relationship and have at least one child.
In the traditional nuclear family, the wife also works in the home without pay while the husband works outside the home for money.
The Traditional Nuclear Family and New Alternatives legally married
Æ
singlehood, with children
Æ
two-parent
Æ
permanent
Æ
male primary provider,Æ ultimate authority sexually exclusive
Æ
heterosexual
Æ
never married nonmarital cohabitation voluntary childlessness single-parent divorce, remarriage egalitarian (dual-career) extramarital relationships same-sex relationships, households The Growing Diversity of
Canadian Families, 1931-2001
http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census01/products/analytic/companion/fam/family.cfm
The Growing Diversity of Canadian
Families, 1981-2006 (in percent)
1981
Lone-parent families, 11.3
Common-law
couples without children, 3.7
Common-law
couples with children at home, 1.9
Married couples without children, 28.1
Married couples with children at home, 55
2006
Married couples without children,
29.9
Lone-parent families, 15.9
Married couples with children at home, 38.7
Common-law couples without children, 8.5
Common-law couples with children at home,
6.9
Marriage
Marriage is a socially approved, presumably long-term, sexual and economic union between a man and a woman. It involves rights and obligations between spouses and between spouses and their children.
The Five Functions of Families
Sexual regulation
Economic cooperation
Reproduction
Socialization
Emotional support
“If a man (woman) had all the other qualities you desired, would you marry this person if you were not in love with him (her)?”
India
Thailand
Pakistan
Japan
Phillipines
Yes
No
Undecided
Hong Kong
Australia
Mexico
England
Willingness to marry without love is more common in traditional than in modern societies. Brazil
USA
0
20
40
60
Percent
80
100
Crude Divorce Rate, Canada, 1921-2005,
and Selected Countries, 2005
The crude divorce rate is the number of divorces that occur in a year for every 100,000 people in the population.
500
1985: “No fault” divorce law
400
450
362.3
360
298.8
300
280
271.8
1968: Divorce law reform
228.4 220.7
230
200
124.2
100
6.4
21.4
36
2
R
us 00
5
si a 20
05
U
S
A
20
05
U
K
2
Fr an 005 ce 20
Ja
05 pa n
20
05
20
00
19
87
19
86
19
81
19
69
19
61
19
41
0
19
21
Divorces per 100,000 population 1987: Peak year
210
Crude Marriage Rate,
Canada, 1921-2003
1200
1060
1000
800
600
470
400
200
2003
2002
1996
1990
1981
1971
1961
1951
1941
1931
0
1921
Marriages per
100,000 population
The crude marriage rate is the number of marriages that occur in a year for every 100,000 people in the population.
Total Fertility Rate,
Canada, 1968-2007
The total fertility rate is the average number of children born to women of the same age over their lifetime. (The replacement rate is the number of children each woman must have on average for population size [excluding immigration and emigration] to remain constant [= 2.1]).
Total fertility rate
4
3.8
3
Historic low
2.1
2
1.5
1.59
2005
2007
1
0
1955
1975
Year
Marxists assert the primacy of class inequality, especially under