The fans gain from this a sense of identity and belonging. Cultural theorist Chris Barker identified the function being a member of a subculture has on its participants, he argued that being a fan allows the participant to escape from their reality, such as social or economic problems and provided them with an alternative version of what reality might be. Some fans become so obsessed with a celebrity that they may engage in threatening behaviour such as stalking or even killing, Darrell Lance Abbott, the guitarist for the band Pantera, was shot by a fan while performing on stage in 2004. Some individuals have used being a fan as a way of feeding their psychotic tendencies other examples would be violence at a football match when their favourite team loses, due to this fandom can often be seen as a deviant activity. For most being a fan gives the audience a sense of belonging, fans form a collective identity, Abercrombie and Longhurst argue that “often the fan uses their obsession to compensate for their own inadequate life’s”.(Abercrombie and Longhurst.