Introduction
The purpose of this lab was to take human karyotype form, and to cut out the chromosomes to match them up to see if they have genetic diseases or disorders. Also tell why they had the disorder (if you had one).
Explanations
A karyotype is a picture of all the chromosomes from an individual’s cells. A karyotype is a test used to check for chromosome abnormalities. A picture of a person’s chromosomes is created by staining the chromosomes with a special dye, photographing them through a microscope and arranging them in pairs. A karyotype gives information about the number of chromosomes a person has, the structure of their chromosomes and the sex of the individual. Down syndrome and turner syndrome is diagnosed by a karyotype test.
Chromosomes are threadlike strands that are composed of DNA. To pass genetic traits from one generation to the next, the chromosomes must be copied, and then the copies must be divvied up. Most prokaryotes have only one circular chromosome that, when copied, is passed on to the daughter cells during mitosis. Eukaryotes have more complex problems to solve and their chromosomes behave differently during mitosis and meiosis. Additionally, there are various terms to describe the anatomy, shapes, the number of copies, and situations that eukaryotic chromosomes find themselves in. This article gets into the intricacies of chromosomes in the eukaryotic cells, because they're so complex.
Normal Female karyotypes have homologous pairs of chromosomes are arranged according to size, banding pattern, and centromere location. Each chromosome can then be compared band-for-band with its homolog to search for any changes in chromosome structure that might have occurred. This karyotype is written as: 46, XX. The double X’s are important because it could have an X and Y which would mean it’s a male’s karyotype.
Genetic counseling is the process by which patients or relatives, at risk of an inherited disorder, are advised of the consequences and nature of the disorder, the probability of developing or transmitting it, and the options open to them in management and family planning. This complex process can be separated into diagnostic and supportive aspects. The goals of genetic counseling are to increase understanding of genetic diseases, discuss disease management options, and explain the risks and benefits of testing. Counseling sessions focus on giving unbiased information on the patient’s process.
Hypothesis
The hypothesis for the project thought for was that it was going to turn out as turner syndrome, because of thinking that one of the chromosomes were missing. This would turn out to make it turner syndrome depending on where the chromosomes went.
Procedure
Materials that were used and why they were used are as listed below.
Computer-The computer helped to figure out what the type of person male/females genetic disorders were.
Scissors- They didn’t really have a big part in the project but were used to cut out the chromosomes.
Tape- Helped to keep the chromosomes on the sheet of paper to figure out what persons disorders were.
Sheet of unknown chromosomes- These were used to be cut out of the paper so we can place them on the sheet and to figure out if the patient had a disorder.
Step by Step to collect everything needed such as the materials listed. Second was to cut out all the chromosomes. Third was
