It is considered a primary source article because the authors of the article performed the research on the habit. Also, the article contains an abstract, the methods used, results, and discussions on the two separate studies performed. The authors/researchers studied social comparisons and destructive emotions/behaviors hoping to find an association between them. Through the first study, the researchers concluded that the social comparisons are in fact, positively associated to and precede destructive emotions, including envy, guilt, defensiveness, regret, and lying. As for the second study, the researchers found from the police officers and security guards that the destructive emotions actually precede the social comparisons. Ultimately, within this second study, the researchers found that police officers that frequently compare themselves to others are more likely to experience ingroup