Fragile X Syndrome or Martin Bell Syndrome is genetic disorder that causes a range of development issues including, intellectual disability, behavior and learning challenges, various physical characteristics. FXS is also the most commonly inherited form of mental retardation or autism worldwide. FXS is sex-linked and located on the X chromosome. Fragile X is caused by an affected gene called FMR1 (Fragile X Mental Retardation 1). A gene is a unit of hereditary that is passed down to an offspring from the parents, and determines some of the characteristics of the offspring. The affected gene repeats the DNA nucleotides Cytosine, Guanine, Guanine (CGG) more that the normal amount of, which is around 5-44. Nucleotides are the basic structural units for DNA.…show more content… Anything over 200 repates is considered a full Fragile-X mutation, and changes the chromosome into its distinctive look. FXS is more commonly found in males, since males have only one X chromosome, while females have a second unaffected X chromosome. On average about 1 in 2500-4000 males, and 1 in 7000-8000 females get affected be FXS. The average age of diagnosis in males are at 36 months and 42 months for women. Some symptoms of FXS are anxiety, ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder), autism, seizures at times etc. Physical abnormalities include large ears, a long face, a prominent jaw forehead, flat feet etc. Fragile X is said to rarely ever cause death. There is also no definite cure to FXS, but it has multiple treatment methods including therapy, whether physical or behavioral, a good educations, and only few medication. Doctors usually prescribe medication mainly for trial purposes, and go of that, while being paired with therapy. The prognosis or the likelihood a person's survival with FXS is generally normal, and most usually live an active lifestyle and have pretty good health throughout their life. FXS does have a major affect in the financial parts of the people who have it and their
